Seismic Analysis and Response of Bare and Masonry-Infilled Reinforced Coursework

Seismic Analysis and Response of Bare and Masonry-Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures - Coursework Example Since the infill walls play some roles during earthquakes, their design need consideration to withhold lateral forces. From a research conducted out, most concrete structures succumb to seismic loads due to: Failures of beam-column joints as a result of poor reinforcement at the joints and/or poor workmanship in installation of reinforcement beams; Basic failure that results from flexural weakness and or low shear strength; Failure of the infill wall that results from enough shear strength or a flexural strength that is out-of-plane (Griffith, Mike 2008, p.2). The relationship between un-reinforced masonry in-fills and reinforced concrete has led to unique influences in comparison to bare frames or seismic response. The behaviour of the in-fills to seismic loads remains controversial for existing buildings (Magenes, Guido and Pampanin Stefano, 2004). The issues to be addressed are modelling of structural elements and masonry in-fills panels. The analysed model need validation in term s of Beam-Column Subassemblies, single storey frames with infills, Dimension Frame with infills for multi-storey structures. Limitations related to infill panels and joints area also considered (Magenes, Guido and Pampanin Stefano, 2004). ... Therefore, structures in these areas need to be designed to withstand seismic loads. The success achieved will assist in reducing risks of collapsed structures in case of earthquake disasters. The aim of this project is to analyse the importance of masonry infill in relation to seismic loads. A comparison between structures with infill and bare structures are considered to help determine the best structures for earthquake prone areas. Part Two: References Article One:Diptesh Das and C.V.R. Murty, Brick masonry infills in seismic design of RC buildings: Part 1- Cost implications. 2004. The Indian Concrete Journal. According to Diptesh das and C.V.R. Murty(2004), the infills of reinforced concrete structures has contributed some strength to a structure in relation to seismic loads when compared to bare structures. Keen interest should therefore be put during seismic design stages of the infill walls. The focus is on design methods that make use of the importance of infills, improve the ir functions and minimize their negative impacts. The purposes of infill walls are; I. They minimize drifting in inter-storey structures, II. Improve the strength of the structure and III. Makes the structures stiff. Despite these advantages, infills reduce the structure’s ductility. Other factors that determine the strength of infill masonry is the quality of material used, the workmanship and the type of frame-infill interface. The design codes for infill are very few. The common codes are; a. Eurocode 8 b. Nepal building code 201 and c. Indian seismic code. The Eurocode 8 (EC 8) refers to RC frames and infill of brick masonry as a dual system. This infill is classified thrice depending on ductility, mainly low, medium and

Production Lab exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Production Lab exercise - Essay Example During the first round, I observed that most people still do not know what they are supposed to do. In fact, when the first order came in, many people were suggesting different ideas on how to accomplish the work, making things more difficult and complicated for me. Moreover, the first material that came in was not for the first order but rather, for the third order. This makes things even more confusing for me and for worker assembly 1 because both of us have to work together. It was really frustrating because I know that the rest of the material handlers were waiting for me to get my materials and pass it to them. After a while, I and my assembly worker got the hang of it and we got better and faster. We communicated better with the production control people and I communicated better with my assembly worker. The first round went well after all, as my team managed to finish all orders with no leftover inventories. This lowered our production budget and increased our profits. We mana ged to get $18 a minute for our first round. Then came the second round with a whole bunch of orders. It was making me a little nervous and anxious because our orders increased from 3- 5 to approximately 10-15. I felt so conscious seeing my assembly worker and the rest of the material handlers waiting for me to hand over something to them.

Protect the Rights of Children

Protect the Rights of Children A large majority of the Indian children continue to remain in distress and turmoil. The problem of emotional, physical and sexual abuse of children in India is increasing; child abuse is usually classified into three major types: physical, sexual, emotional. The public and the government also are yet to recognize it as a serious problem. Public indignation and professional concern is yet to be translated into positive and realistic action. CHILD ABUSE The major cause of child abuse is adaption or environmental maladjustment mostly on the part of adult perpetrators but some extent on the of adult responsible for family socialization as well. Most child abuse occurs in a childs home which a smaller amount occurring in the organization, schools or communities the child interacts with. There are four major categories of child abuse: Neglect, physical abuse, psychological/emotional abuse, sexual abuse NEGLECT Child neglect is where the responsible adult fails to provide adequately for various needs, including physical: failure to provide adequate food, clothing, emotional: failure provide nurturing or affection, educational: failure to enroll a child in school, or medical: failure to medicate the child or take him or her to the doctor. PHYSICAL ABUSE Physical abuse is physically aggression directed at child by an adult. It can involve punching, striking, kicking, showing, slapping, burning, pulling ears or hair, stabbing, choking or shaking a child. Shaking child can cause shaken baby syndrome. Boys are more battered than girls, the transmission of toxins to child through its mother (such as with fetal alcohol syndrome) can also be considered physical abuse in some jurisdictions. SEXUAL ABUSE Child sexual abuse is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent abuses a child for sexual stimulation. Girls are victims of sexual abuse than boys a high proportion of children become victims of sexual abuse when they are fourteen or above 14 years of age. Form of child sexual abuse include asking or pressuring a child to engage in sexual activities, indecent exposure of the genitals to a child, actual sexual contact against a child, physical contact with the childs genitals, viewing of the childs genitalia without physical contact, or using a child to produce child pornography. Effect of child sexual abuse include guilt and self-blame, flash back, nightmares, fear of things associated with the abuse , self- esteem issues, sexual dysfunction, chronic pain , addiction, self-injury, depression, anxiety EMOTIONAL ABUSE Emotional abuse is the hardest to define. It could include name-calling, ridicule, degradation, destruction of personal belongings, torture or destruction of a pet, excessive criticism, inappropriate or excessive demands, withholding communication, and routine labeling or humiliation. A large number of parents who ill-treat their children are those who are aggressive, irritable and domineering in their behavioral characteristics: fickle-minded, inflexible and less tolerant in their emotional characteristics: and have low-esteem, feeling of alienation, and lack of ability empathize in social characteristics. CHILD LABOUR Child labour refers to the employment of children at regular and sustained labour. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organizations and is illegal in many countries Child labourers are exploited, exposed to hazardous work conditions and paid a pittance for their long hours of work. Forced to forego education, shouldering responsibilities far beyond their years, becoming worldly wise when their peers have yet to leave the cocoons of parental protection, these children never know what child hood is. CHILD WELFARE Childrens Development is as important as the development of material resources and the best way to develop national human resources is to take care of children.   India has the largest child population in the world.   All out efforts are being made by India for the development and welfare of children specific concentration is being given to the efforts to improve the life and opportunities of the Girl Child. Significant progress has been made in many fields in assuring children their basic rights.   However, much remains to be done.   The country renews its commitment and determination to give the highest priority to the basic needs and rights of all children.   Children are most vulnerable to exploitation and abuse.   A lot more has to be done for the health, nutrition and education of children.   It is unfortunate that girls in particular face debilitating discrimination at all stages.   JUVENILE JUSTICE (Care and Protection of Children) Act Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 was enacted in discharge of the Constitutional mandate that it is the primary responsibility of the state to ensure that all the needs of children are met and that their basic human rights are fully protected The Act further provides for the establishment of Juvenile Justice Board to deal with the Juvenile in conflict with law. The Act further provides for punishment of person who commits an offence against the juvenile. In case a juvenile is assaulted, abandoned, exposed or neglected in any manner so as to cause unnecessary mental or physical suffering, by any person in custody of the juvenile, he shall be punished with imprisonment for a term up to six months with or without fine Child in need of care and protection Child in need of care and protection means a child who:- Is found without any home or settled places or abode and without any ostensible means of subsistence, Is mentally or physically challenged or ill, suffering from primary diseases or incurable diseases having no one to support or look after, Is a victim of any armed conflict, civil or natural calamity or is being or likely to be abused for unconscionable gains. The Act further provides for the constitution of the Child Welfare Committees for every district or group of districts for exercising the power and discharging the duties in relation to child in need of care and protection. The committee shall consist of a chairman and four other members, of which one shall be woman and another, an expert on matters concerning children. The committee shall function as a Bench of Magistrates and shall have powers conferred on a judicial Magistrate of the 1st class under the code of Criminal Procedure. The committee is the final authority to deal with matters of care, protection, treatment, development and rehabilitation of the children so produced. Legal Right and Provisions to Protect the Rights of Children CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS Article 14: Right to equality-equality before law and equal protection of law Article 15: No discrimination on the basis of religion, caste, sex or place of birth. Gender discrimination still exists. Article 21: right to life. Exploitation of children in any form is curbing their right to life. Right to education is also considered as a right to life after the 86th amendment in 2002 Article 23: Right against exploitation-prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour. Article 24: prohibition of employment of children in children in factories, etc-no child below the age of 14 shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or any hazardous employment. Article 45: Provision for child hood care and education: establishment of anganwadis, adolescent clubs are established on this basis. INTERNATIONAL CONVENANTS ON CHILD RIGHTS United Nations Convention On rights, 1989(ratified by India in 1992) Article relevant for protecting children:- Article 19 makes provision for state parties take protective measures for protecting children from all forms of mental, sexual and physical abuse. Article 20 21 provides for alternative care (adoption, foster care) etc for children. Article 32 recognizes the need for protection of children from economic exploitation and from performing hazardous work. Article 33 provides for appropriate measures including legislative administrative social and educational measures to protect children from illicit use of narcotic drugs. Article 34 urges the state to protect the child from all forms of sexual exploitation and abuse. TWO OPTIONAL PROTOCOLS TO THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD:- Optional protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Optional protocol on the sale of children, prostitution and pornography. SAARC Convention on Preventing and combating Trafficking in women and children. Penal provisions to protect children. 366a IPC Buying minor children, non bail able offence- 10 years imprisonment. 366B IPC- Importing minors for the purpose of the prostitution. 372- Buying or selling any girl below 18 for the purpose of prostitution. 376- Rape of minor girl below 15 377- Unnatural sexual offence. 354- Outraging the modesty of women. We dont have special provisions to protect children from child sexual abuse; we usually make use of these provisions to charge the case against the culprit. SPECIAL ENACTMENTS TO PROTECT CHILD RIGHT 1. Child labour(prevention and regulation) act 1986. 2. Child Marriage Restraint Act 1978. 3. Immoral traffic prevention act 1956. 4. Pre-natal diagnostic techniques regulation act 1994. 5. Juvenile Justice Act 2000. CONCLUSION The political and social problems of Indian children become increased phenomena. The Child problems or child right violations increasing day by day. There are several written laws to protect their rights, but unfortunately most of them are violated. The state itself is a child right violator. The labour ministry of India has analyzed that it is not easy to prohibit child labour, in such a situation of child right crisis, the government, social agencies, social workers has to go miles through the path of elimination process of social problems of children

A fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal: Doe

From the findings, it can be concluded that the results do support the hypothesis that mock jurors place a harsher sentence on the unattractive defendant in the manslaughter case. Whereas, it was not seen as significant on the unattractive defendant in the theft case, this finding is counterintuitive to the hypothesis however, one can speculate that being attractive may be more beneficial to those that are on trial for a serious crime. The implications here could be down to the serious consequences to the defendant’s life if they found guilty for manslaughter, when in actual fact it may not be entirely their fault. Whereas, with the theft case there was no doubt in the jurors mind that that individual was responsible for the consequences of their crime, due to being seen on Closed Circuit Television. With the legal system being highly complicated and complex, and with the limited knowledge the jurors hold about the system, maybe it is this that could explain that people we re more likely to place a lesser sentence on those in the manslaughter case. But this might not be the only reason for this difference, as the unattractive manslaughter-unattractive theft comparison did not yield significant results. As Baldwin and McConville (1979) pointed out that juries easily fall victim to stereotypes, manipulation and outside influences and fails in almost all of its goals, the results found here, and previous research further develops this theory. From the concerning results found, there is evidence that attractiveness does have an unwanted effect due to the internal biases of jurors. As a part of the study, participants were asked to answer short questions if they believed there was a criminal face and 10 out of the 32 participa... ...he did not commit. Retrieved January 3, 2012, from the.point.is: http://en.tpinews.com/2008/04/24/27-years-in-prison-for-a-crime-he-did-not-commit.html Tumonis, V. (2011). Persuasiveness of First Impressions: The Halo Effect . Retrieved January 21, 2012, from SwayCraft: http://www.swaycraft.com/421/persuasiveness-of-first-impressions-the-halo-effect/ United Nations. (1948). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved from United Nations: 3 Whittemore, K. E., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (1 995). Factors that influence jury decision making: Disposition instructions and mental state at the time of the trial. Law and Human Behavior. 1 9,283-303. Zakas, N. C. (2005, July 11). The Eye of the Beholder: Appearance Discrimination in the Workplace. Retrieved January 12, 2012, from nczonline: http://www.nczonline.net/downloads/AppearanceDiscriminationInTheWorkplace.pdf

My Dream House

My dream house is simply unimaginable. The home I desire is most beautiful and great in splendor is like a dreamland. A. The exterior of my home has great large beams trimmed in gold. There is a large picture window that covers the lower portion of the house. B. The home has high ceilings and large windows all through out the home. C. It sits on top of one acre of beautiful rolling hills and meadows. 1. There is a beautiful garden in the backyard with a large pond. 2. There is also a huge deck, perfect for picnics and other social gatherings. II. The Front Exterior D.As you walk up the cobblestone walkway, the first things you see is two large beams trimmed in gold. E. Just behind the beams sit a set of gold French style double doors that give entrance into the elaborate home. III. Interior F. As you enter into the foyer, you encounter a large marble of sculpture of Eve that sits in the center. G. Directly behind the sculpture sits a grand staircase that leads to the second level of the home. H. Just to the left is a beautiful family room, perfect for family gatherings. I. To the right there is a dining room that seats more than ten people. . There is a cherry wood table seated in the middle of the room with matching chairs 4. Above the table hangs an elaborate crystal chandelier. J. In the dining room, there is a doorway that gives access to the huge kitchen. 5. In the center of the kitchen sits an island. 1. On the granite top of the island is a stove with six burners and a grill 2. Off to the left sits a double oven. 3. Next to the oven, there is a huge refrigerator. 4. In the corner sits a breakfast nook surrounded by windows that overlooks the beautiful hills and meadow.This is where most meals will take place. K. As you walk up the grand staircase and walk down the hallway, you’ll past four bedrooms before reaching the master bedroom. 6. When walking into the bedroom, you notice the California Kind sized bed. 7. Just past the bed sits huge sliding door that open onto the balcony that overlooks the beautiful views. 8. Walking back into the bedroom, to the right there is the master bathroom. 5. Walking into the bathroom you notice the heated marble floor. 6. Inside the bathroom there are his and her marble sinks. . Across from the sinks sit a huge standing marble shower with glass doors. 8. Also in the bathroom is a separate Jacuzzi style bathtubs. IV. Exterior: Back yard L. Right outside the back doors is a patio. On the patio sits a bar and a built in grill. M. In the backyard there is an Olympic sized pool. Surrounding the pool are beach chairs. N. Further back, there is a garden and a large bond. V. Conclusion O. Now that I have describe in great detail to you my dreamland, I hope that you all will come visit me when my dreamland becomes a reality. My Dream House My Dream House Everyone must hope they will have a dream house. The dream house can keep them In the condition they wanted. In my mind, I hope that my dream house Is far from main city and industrial area due to I like quiet environment. I also like fresh air around me. Every day I can woke up by the sound of birds and see them perched in the branches if the trees. Inside the house will be a big, spacious hall. Will decorate the walls of the hall with paintings like green color and more.I always feeling relax and serene In the house. The day light is essential. In my living room must have some big windows so I will not feel too hot when I am sleeping. A study room Is exist certainly. It can be small, In there, I write read books and doing my homework. I hope this room is quiet so I can calm and attentive to do the things. And in my bedroom is painted with my favorite color, light green, it represents feelings if harmony and peace feature for me.I will place in a bookshelf in the room . The bookshelf is occupied by all my favorite books. The house outer design will be a calm and open environment. There must have a large open space and planted many trees and flowers. I think the outer decoration looks ordinary enough and have some small and beautiful gardens. If can, I hope it will have a clear river near my house, I also want to rear some pets like rabbit, dog, owl, birds and squirrels.I will provide foods and shelters for them because my gardens have enough space. It should be a green house beside my house. I would grow own vegetables, tomatoes, chilies, eggplants and more. The design and the location of our house usually will affect our mood. Dream house would reflect our feelings, thoughts and personality. If we live In a place close to the serenity of nature, our minds. Bodies and splits will be filled with positive energies. My Dream House My dream house is simply unimaginable. The home I desire is most beautiful and great in splendor is like a dreamland. A. The exterior of my home has great large beams trimmed in gold. There is a large picture window that covers the lower portion of the house. B. The home has high ceilings and large windows all through out the home. C. It sits on top of one acre of beautiful rolling hills and meadows. 1. There is a beautiful garden in the backyard with a large pond. 2. There is also a huge deck, perfect for picnics and other social gatherings. II. The Front Exterior D.As you walk up the cobblestone walkway, the first things you see is two large beams trimmed in gold. E. Just behind the beams sit a set of gold French style double doors that give entrance into the elaborate home. III. Interior F. As you enter into the foyer, you encounter a large marble of sculpture of Eve that sits in the center. G. Directly behind the sculpture sits a grand staircase that leads to the second level of the home. H. Just to the left is a beautiful family room, perfect for family gatherings. I. To the right there is a dining room that seats more than ten people. . There is a cherry wood table seated in the middle of the room with matching chairs 4. Above the table hangs an elaborate crystal chandelier. J. In the dining room, there is a doorway that gives access to the huge kitchen. 5. In the center of the kitchen sits an island. 1. On the granite top of the island is a stove with six burners and a grill 2. Off to the left sits a double oven. 3. Next to the oven, there is a huge refrigerator. 4. In the corner sits a breakfast nook surrounded by windows that overlooks the beautiful hills and meadow.This is where most meals will take place. K. As you walk up the grand staircase and walk down the hallway, you’ll past four bedrooms before reaching the master bedroom. 6. When walking into the bedroom, you notice the California Kind sized bed. 7. Just past the bed sits huge sliding door that open onto the balcony that overlooks the beautiful views. 8. Walking back into the bedroom, to the right there is the master bathroom. 5. Walking into the bathroom you notice the heated marble floor. 6. Inside the bathroom there are his and her marble sinks. . Across from the sinks sit a huge standing marble shower with glass doors. 8. Also in the bathroom is a separate Jacuzzi style bathtubs. IV. Exterior: Back yard L. Right outside the back doors is a patio. On the patio sits a bar and a built in grill. M. In the backyard there is an Olympic sized pool. Surrounding the pool are beach chairs. N. Further back, there is a garden and a large bond. V. Conclusion O. Now that I have describe in great detail to you my dreamland, I hope that you all will come visit me when my dreamland becomes a reality.

Adulterated Food: A Serious Public Health Problem in Bangladesh Essay

Adulteration of food with toxic chemicals harmful to health has reached an epidemic proportion in Bangladesh. The newspapers have dubbed it as the ‘silent killer’. It is very difficult to find a sector of food industry which is free of adulteration. From raw vegetable and fruits to milk and milk products to fish, meat and processed food–every food item is contaminated. Almost every day in the news papers, newer and newer methods of adulterating newer and newer types of foods are reported. Carbide, formalin, textile colours, artificial sweeteners, DDT, urea etc. are used rampantly for this purpose. Contamination of foods with toxic chemicals pose a serious threat to public health, especially in a country like Bangladesh where due to poor health literacy, level of awareness is very low. Immediate effect of ingestion of such foods may be severe forms of diarrhoea (food poisoning), threatening life. In the long run, these chemicals in food adversely affect vital organs such as the liver and kidney resulting in organ failure and/or cancer and thus, untimely loss of life. There is no database in the country for these, but the recent surge in liver and kidney failure patients in the hospitals is indicative of the deteriorating situation. Ironically, people from all walks of life is aware of the hazards of taking foods adulterated with toxic chemicals, but this knowledge is not translated into practice. In a recent study, it has been found that though people are aware about the health hazards, they are nevertheless buying and consuming these adulterated foods. Several explanations are made for this paradox; absence or unavailability of non-adulterated food, failure of the regulatory agency to test and screen out adulterated food, adulterated foods are attractive in appearance and costs less, cultural factors and food habits etc. There is no paucity of laws and regulations to contain adulteration of food in Bangladesh such as Bangladesh Standard Testing Institute (BSTI) Ordinance of 1985, and the Pure Food Ordinance of 2005. Under the purview of these rules come the following offences: fake licenses, poor quality of food, substandard infrastructure and lack of maintaining hygiene, food adulteration, food impurity, incorrect information on food packages, selling products whose date have expired etc. However, the problem lies in its sustained and appropriate implementation by credible authority. Occasionally, the regulatory authorities will be suddenly in an active mode, and conduct mobile courts to penalize sellers/producers for selling contaminated products/foods. Then, there will be a lull for a few days and after few weeks, business becomes as usual. So what is to be done? First and foremost, commitment from the political establishment to wage a sustained campaign against these perpetrators of heinous crime, and establish our fundamental right to have safe and nutritious food! For this to achieve, relentless enforcement of existing laws with the execution of highest penalty possible, awareness-building campaign among consumers, promotion of ethical practices among the business community with active involvement of the business leaders, and capacity development of public health labs to test food items for adulteration on the spot are needed. The consumer rights groups should be more vocal and play active role in developing a mass campaign/movement in the country Safe and unadulterated food is out human right!†¦ Let’s work together to achieve this. Food adulteration detection  Food Tea Leaves Adulterant Iron Flakes Detection Spread a small quantity (2 tea-spoon) of the sample on a piece of paper. Draw a magnet over it. Iron flakes, if present, cling to the magnet. The same test may be carried out to trace iron flakes from tea half-dust and iron filings from tea dust. Food Tea Leaves Adulterant Leather Flakes Detection Prepare a paper-ball. Fire the ball and drop a little amount of the sample on it. The presence of leather flakes emits an odour of burnt leather. Food Tea Leaves Adulterant Coal Tar Dye Detection Scatter a little amount (1 tea-spoon) of the sample n a moistened white blotting paper. After 5 minutes, remove the sample and examine the paper. A revelation of coloured spots indicates the use of the dye. Food Coriander powder and Cumin Powder Adulterant Saw Dust Detection Take a little amount (a half of tea-spoon) of the sample. Sprinkle it on water in a bowl. Spice powder gets sedimented at the bottom and saw-dust floats on the surface. Food Green vegetables like Bitter Gourd, Green Chilli and others Adulterant Malachite Green Detection Take a small part of the sample and place it on a piece of moistened white blotting paper. The impression of colour on the paper indicates the use of malachite green, or any other low priced artificial colour. Food Arhar Pulse Adulterant Kesarri Pulse Detection Kesari Pulse has a characteristic wedge shape. Larger Kesari resembles Arhar (Tur). It can be separated by visual examination. Food Black Pepper Adulterant Papaya Seeds Detection Papaya seeds do not have any smell and are relatively smaller in size. Adulteration of papaya seed with Black Pepper may be detected by way of visual examination as also by way of smelling. Food Rice Adulterant Earth, sand, grit, unhusked paddy, rice bran, talc, etc. Detection These adulterants may be detected visually and removed by way of sorting, picking, and washing. Food Wheat Adulterant Earth, sand, grit, chopped straw, bran, unhusked grain, and seeds of weeds. Detection These adulterants may be detected visually and removed by way of sorting, picking, and washing. CHEMICAL TEST Food Coffee powder Adulterant Cereal starch Detection Take a small quantity (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube and add 3 ml of distilled water in it. Light a spirit lamp and heat the contents to colourize. Add 33 ml of a solution of potassium permanganate and muratic acid (1:1) to decolourize the mixture. The formation of blue colour in mixture by addition of a drop of 1% aqueous solution of iodine indicated adulteration with starch. Food Coffee powder Adulterant Powder of scorched persimmon stones Detection Take a small quantity (1 tea-spoon) of the sample and spread it on a moistened blotting paper. Pour on it, with much care, 3 ml of 2% aqueous solution of sodium carbonate. A red colouration indicates the presence of powder of scorched persimmon stones in coffee powder. Food Jaggery Adulterant Sodium bicarbonate Detection Take a little amount (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of muratic acid. The presence of sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate effects effervescence. Food Jaggery Adulterant Metanil yellow colour Detection Take a little amount (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of alcohol and shake the tube vigorously to mix up the contents. Pour 10 drops of hydrochloric acid in it. A pink colouration indicates the presence of metanil yellow colour in jaggery. Food Asafoetida Adulterant Resin and colour Detection Take a little amount of small parts of the sample in test tube. Add 3 ml of distilled water and shake the tube gently. Pure asafoetida dissolves in water very quickly and produces a milky white colour, but in case of adulteration with a chemical colour the mixture turns to be coloured. The purity of asafoetida may also be examined by taking a little amount of it on the tip of a force and placing the same on the flame of a spirit lamp. Asafoetida burns quickly, producing bright flame and leaving the impurities behind. Food Gram powder Adulterant Kesari powder Detection Take a little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube with 3 ml of distilled water. Add 3 ml of muratic acid. Immerse the tube in warm water. Check the tube after 15 minutes. A violet colouration indicates the presence of Kesari powder in Gram powder. Food Gram powder Adulterant Metanil yellow colour Detection Take a small quantity (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of alcohol. Shake the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly. Add 10 drops of hydrochloric acid in it. A pink colouration indicates adulteration of gram powder with metanil yellow. Food Processed food, sweetmeat or syrup Adulterant Rhodamine B colour Detection The presence of this chemical colour in food is very easy to detect as it shines very brightly under sun. A more precise methods of detection is also there. Take a little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of carbon tetrachloride and shake the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly. The mixture becomes colourless and an addition of a drop of hydrochloric acid brings the colour back when food contains Rhodamine B colour. Food Processed food, sweetmeat or syrup Adulterant Metanil Yellow Detection Take little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 10 drops of muratic acid or hydrochloric acid in it. The appearance of rosy colour indicates adulteration of food with metanil yellow. Food Parched rice Adulterant Urea Detection Take 30 pieces of parched rice in a test tube. Add 5 ml of distilled water. Shake the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly. After 5 minutes, filter water contents and add to it a little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of powder of arhar or soyabean. Wait for another 5 minutes and then dip a red litmus paper in the mixture. Lift the paper after 30 seconds and examine it. A blue colouration indicates the use of urea in parched rice. Food Turmeric powder Adulterant Metanil Yellow colour Detection Take a little amount (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of alcohol. Shake the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly. Add 10 drops of muratic acid or hydrochloric acid in it. A pink colouration indicates the use of metanil yellow colour in turmeric powder. Food Green vegetable like green chilli etc. Adulterant Malachite Green Detection Rub the outer green surface of a small part of the sample with a liquid paraffin soaked cotton. The sample is adulterated when the white cotton turns green. Food Dry red chilli Adulterant Rhodamine B colour Detection Take a red chilli from the sample and rub the outer surface with a piece of cotton soaked in liquid paraffin. The sample is adulterated if the cotton becomes red. Food Dry turmeric root Adulterant Metanil yellow colour Detection Take a piece of dry turmeric root and rub the outer surface with a piece of cotton soaked in liquid paraffin. A yellow colouration of cotton indicates adulteration of turmeric root with metanil yellow colour. Food Sweet potato Adulterant Rhodamine B colour Detection Take a small part of the sample and rub the red outer surface with a piece of cotton soaked in liquid paraffin. The cotton adhering colour indicates the use of Rhodamine B colour on outer surface of the sweet potato.

3 Changes That Will Take Your Essay From Good To Great

3 Changes That Will Take Your Essay From Good To Great Whether youre sitting down to write a research paper for English class about Buddha or youre hours deep in the writing portion of the ACT, you want to write a great essay. And although different people have different notions about what makes an essay truly great, there are a number of things that educators and writers generally agree upon as gold-quality standards. Here are three of those qualities that can take your essay from basic to fabulous. 1. Language The usage of language in an essay is more than just the actual words you use throughout. Things like sentence structure, stylistic choices, levels of formality, grammar, usage, and mechanics all come into play.    Good Language Good language in an essay is merely adequate. Its basic. Theres nothing inherently wrong  with your language, but theres nothing exceptional about it, either. Good essay language means youre using  some variety in your sentence structures. For instance, you may write a few simple sentences interspersed with some compound sentences. Your level of formality and tone are also appropriate to the essay. Youre not using familiar language and slang, for example, when youre writing a research report in class. Good language in an essay does not disrupt your thesis. Your point gets across and thats all well and fine if youre happy with a good essay. Example:  When Jack walked into his grandmothers kitchen, he spotted the freshly baked cake on the counter. He helped himself to a huge piece. It was chocolate, and the frosting was a delicious vanilla buttercream. He licked his lips and took a gigantic bite.   Great Language Great language is fresh, full of sensory detail when appropriate and propels your essay forward in invigorating ways. Great language uses a variety of sentence structures and even some intentional fragments when appropriate. Your tone isnt merely adequate; it enhances your argument or point. Your language is precise. Its chosen specifically to add nuance or shades of meaning. The sensory details you select pull your readers in, giving them goosebumps, and make them want to keep on reading. Great language makes readers take what youve said very seriously. Example:  Jack stepped over the threshold of his grandmothers kitchen and inhaled. Chocolate cake. His stomach rumbled. He walked to the counter, mouth watering, and took a   rose-pattered china plate from the cabinet and a bread knife from the drawer. The slice he sawed off was enough for three. The first bite of rich vanilla buttercream made his jaw ache. Before he knew it, nothing was left but chocolate crumbs scattered on the plate like confetti.   2. Analysis Teachers are always asking you to dig deep in your essay, but what does that really mean? Depth is the level at which you analyze the topic you are writing about. The deeper you dive into your essay, the more poking and prodding at values, tensions, complexities, and assumptions you will do.   Good Analysis The word analysis in and of itself implies a certain level of depth. A good analysis will use reasoning and examples that are clear and adequately demonstrate the importance of the topic. Support may be relevant, but it may come across as overly general or simplistic. You will have scratched the surface of the topic, but you will not have explored as many of the complexities as you could have.   Lets take, for example, this question: Should cyberbullying be stopped by the government? Example: Cyberbullying needs to be stopped in its tracks by the government because of the harm that it causes to the victim. Teenagers who have been bullied online have had to be treated for depression, have felt compelled to change schools, and some have even committed suicide. A persons life is too important not to intervene.   Great Analysis A great analysis of a topic is a thoughtful critique that demonstrates insight. It critiques assumptions and details complexities not hinted at in just a good analysis. In the example above, the good analysis mentions the harm to a victim of bullying and names three things that could happen to him or her because of it, but doesnt get into other areas that might offer more insight like societal values, governmental control, effects rippling from one generation to the next, for example.   Example:  Although cyberbullying needs to be stopped - the effects are to dire not  to intervene - the government cannot be the entity to regulate speech online. The fiscal and personal costs would be staggering. Not only would citizens be forced to give up their First Amendment rights to free speech, they would have to relinquish their rights to privacy, as well. The government would be everywhere, becoming even more of a big brother than they are right now. Who would pay for such scrutiny? Citizens would pay with their freedom and  their wallets.   3. Organization Organization can quite literally make or break your essay. If a reader doesnt understand how youve gotten from point A to point B because none of your dots seem to connect, then he or she wont be compelled to read any further. And more importantly, he or she will not have listened to what you have had to say. And thats the biggest problem there is.   Good Organization A standard five-paragraph essay structure is what most students use when they write essays. They start with an introductory paragraph ending with a thesis sentence. They move on to body paragraph one with a topic sentence, and then proceed, with a few scattered transitions, to body paragraphs two and three. They round out their essay with a conclusion that neatly restates the thesis and ends with a question or a challenge. Sound about right? If this sounds like every essay youve ever written, then you can be sure youre not alone. Its a perfectly adequate structure for a basic essay.   Example: Introduction with thesis Body paragraph oneSupport oneSupport twoSupport three Body paragraph twoSupport oneSupport twoSupport three Body paragraph threeSupport oneSupport twoSupport threeConclusion with restated thesis Great Organization Great organization tends to move beyond just simple supports and basic transitions. Ideas will progress logically and increase the arguments success. Transitions within and between paragraphs will strengthen the argument and heighten meaning. If you start out organizing your essay strategically, with room for analysis and counterarguments built in, your chances of building a great essay improve by quite a bit. And some students find it easier to get more in depth by writing a four-paragraph essay instead of five. You can engaged more with a particular topic in the body paragraphs if you knock out your weakest argument and focus instead on providing a deeper, more thoughtful analysis with just two.   Example:   Introduction with thesis Body paragraph oneSupport one with detailed analysisSupport two that addresses values, complexities and assumptionsCounterpoint and dismissal of the counterpoint Body paragraph twoSupport one with detailed analysisSupport two that addresses values, complexities and assumptionsCounterpoint and dismissal of the counterpointConclusion with restated thesis and option for better idea Writing Great Essays If your goal is to move forward out of mediocrity, then spend some time learning the basics of great essay writing. After that, pick up your pencil or paper and practice. Nothing will prepare you better for your next essay then writing strategically-organized, well-analyzed, and carefully-worded paragraphs when the pressure  isnt  on. Here are some places to start: Enhanced ACT Writing Essay PromptsOld SAT Essay PromptsPhoto Writing Prompts for Any Age14 Ways to Write Better in High School