Demoracy and War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Demoracy and War - Research Paper Example Toward that path, as speculated by different masterminds, majority rules systems may maximally abstain from enjoying war with other individual popularity based nations. Along these lines, this paper concentrating on the hypothetical bases for the theory in regards to the nonattendance of war between majority rule states, will look at the speculations behind this theory, including how they are reciprocal just as serious. The speculations and hypothetical ideas set forward by different scholars on the previously mentioned theory of vote based nations maintaining a strategic distance from wars inside themselves, are established under Democratic harmony hypothesis. Likewise, known as liberal vote based hypothesis or basically called as popularity based harmony, this hypothesis is being broke down by different examination bunches in both in the current political settings just as verifiable settings. The hypothesis and the related theory had causes in the eighteenth century itself, through crafted by Immanuel Kant, yet came into progressively unmistakable dissemination and were additionally experimentally assessed after 1960s as it were. Kant foreshadowed the premise of this hypothesis in 1795 in his exposition named, Perpetual Peace, in which he conjectured that if the land regions or nations are protected republics, casted a ballot by everyday citizens, at that point there are acceptable odds of realizing ceaseless harmony. Immanuel Kant (1795) contended that â€Å"majority of the individuals could never cast a ballot to do battle except if it was in self protection; that if all countries were republics, it would end war, in light of the fact that there would be no aggressors.† (refered to in Okoth, 2008). This theory came into more conspicuousness and exploration concentrate in the second 50% of the twentieth century, after the Second World War, as more popular governments appeared all through the world. Whenever saw from another viewpoint, scholars support ing the vote based system harmony hypothesis express that because of the ascent of numerous vote based systems just significant wars or even Third World War has not occurred. As Barkawi and Laffey (1999) states â€Å"a characterizing highlight of world governmental issues in the late twentieth century is the decrease in the recurrence of fighting between industrialized states†, with the presence of a ‘zone of peace’ between the fair nations being credited as the principle reason. This theory is additionally upheld by various late wars or clashes, as it essentially occurred between non-fair nations or between one law based nation and a non-majority rule nation, yet not between two vote based systems. For instance, both the Wars in the Gulf including Iraq in 1992 and 2003 were between a tyrant system and an alliance of vote based systems, and it is the equivalent on account of Afghanistan. Indeed, even the prior wars in Korea and Vietnam included socialist systems. Notwithstanding, when one perspectives the point of view of masterminds having opposite conclusions to this Democratic hypothesis, there are special cases to this speculation. For instance, the Kargil War that occurred among India and Pakistan in 1999 included majority rule governments, just as the Israel-Egypt struggle. In spite of the fact that there were special cases, majority rules systems abstain from doing battle with individual vote based systems because of some substantial reasons. Vote based systems are for the most part seen as the best result of wars and other freedom or freedom or opposition battles. That is, in the outcome of significant wars and battles, nation

Adults and Children Essay Example for Free

Grown-ups and Children Essay A gated network is a sort of private network that maintains security and selectiveness. Private houses inside gated networks are limited inside constrained vicinities that are flanked by dividers, doors, wall, and such. Access or access to gated networks is profoundly limited for walkers, yet additionally to different sorts of transportation also. Inside gated networks, inhabitants are given administrations or comforts that are restrictive just to them. Now and again, gated networks adjust the idea of bigger networks by offering types of assistance and civilities that will permit occupants to appreciate an agreeable home and way of life inside the limits of the region. Huge scope and profoundly private or selective gated networks even give little to medium estimated strip malls, recreational offices, food and eating focuses, and to such an extent that empowers occupants inside it to appreciate day by day living undertakings and exercises agreeable inside its vicinities. (Blandy Lister, 287) The reason for building up gated networks is to give the network sheltered and secure lodging open doors for people permitting them to encounter a quiet and loosened up home condition. Security frameworks set up inside gated networks for limit access from non-occupants guarantee people that the territory is shielded and monitored from crimes. (McGoey) Another target for the foundation of the idea of gated networks is to permit occupants to control or deal with the network or condition they live in by giving them the force or position to administer jobs or exercises inside it. Gated people group are watched by delegated security officials, yet it is generally overseen by a Homeowner’s Association †a gathering or association which handles everything that has something to do with living inside the gated network. The proprietors of the properties inside the gated network assemble and choose pioneers who will be responsible for directing all needs, issues, concerns, and different issues that may require pressing consideration and goals. What's more, gated networks additionally fill in as lodging offices that vows to give occupants the best personal satisfaction by offering boundless access to fun, amusement, and protection. For example, some enormous scope gated networks have hitting the fairway regions that are open just to occupants. Inhabitants are permitted to play inside the hitting the fairway zones with no restrictions. (â€Å"Explore Gated Communities! †) Due to the advantages and favorable circumstances of living in gated networks, some talked about beforehand, it has become a significant pattern in present day lodging. (â€Å"Explore Gated Communities! †) However, despite the fact that the positive traits or parts of gated networks have been talked about, there is by all accounts a few issues raised on its impact or impact to the conduct and way of life of grown-ups and youngsters who live inside and outside the network. Grown-ups and kids who live in and outside gated networks gain both positive and negative characteristics and points of view from the unique circumstance or measurements of walled lodging courses of action. The impacts of living inside gated networks change from enthusiastic and mental, to good and social impacts. The rest of this paper will talk about how the conduct and way of life of grown-ups are impacted by the structure of gated networks. Regarding the connection among grown-ups and kids, living inside gated networks permits guardians and more seasoned individuals from families to feel calm with the whereabouts of their youngsters inside the network. The focal point of gated networks on giving sheltered and secure home conditions guarantee guardians that their youngsters are protected without their nearby management as long as they remain inside the bounds of the gated network. (Le Goix, 2003) This causes them to concentrate on other earnest things or worries as they feel no concerns or stress with respect to the wellbeing of their kids. Then again, guardians who live outside gated networks feel the concern and worry because of the movement or convergence of crimes beyond gated networks. Since the contrast between gated networks and the general population is generally noticeable as far as wellbeing and safety efforts, the qualification between these two sorts of networks offers path to the inconsistent division or circulation of crimes inside the whole network. Crimes will join on territories neighboring non-gated networks. (â€Å"Diagonal Mar †A Gated Community,†) This worry permits guardians to feel stressed or worried over the security of their youngsters leaving them profoundly associated with guaranteeing that they keep them ensured consistently.

Does the community need better schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Improves schools - Essay Example Furthermore, another viewpoint that made the couple of accessible schools in the network less lucky consequently adding to the issue of the inclination to better schools is the real condition of the provincial school which had kept on being horrible for learning. This multiple times makes it difficult for the engaged understudies to succeed. Destitution despite everything keeps on exploiting the provincial schools. They really rely much upon the urban and national economies. This raises the issue of reliance which has a great deal of effect on underdevelopment of people, social orders among different gatherings. This makes the network based school socially and topographically disconnected because of their areas henceforth restricting their capacities to gain materials for their understudy and educators. (Berliner, 2004) For whatever length of time that the above elements add to the issue thus the requirement for better schools, we should too always remember the way that a school resembles a framework made out of the subsystems which the different parts are making it. It, in this manner, make us arranged to contend the way that disappointment of viable co-activity between these different componential parts in the network also, has added to the issue of absence of better schools. Envision a boat whose different parts are worked with an accomplished specialist, talented craftsman, and serious circuit tester too, yet all these individual coming up short on a sight of the end-all strategy, I trust you won’t like the result since all these won't prevent the boat from sinking (Yang, 2013).

Informative Synthesis Environmentalism Free Essays

Making a Sustainable Environment Every day our condition is assaulted by emanations, littered on by billions of individuals, and heedlessly treated with boundless sources. Earthy people like Bill Mckibben, researcher at Middle berry College and writer of the article â€Å"The Challenge to Environmentalism,† accept that â€Å"the connection among individuals and the regular world has been to a great extent underestimated for the majority of human history† (500). In spite of the fact that environmentalism to certain individuals mean driving less, building up sun powered boards, reusing and that's only the tip of the iceberg; Kate Zernike, journalist for the New York Times and creator of â€Å"Green, Greener, Greenest,† advises us about school campus’s taking easy routes in guaranteeing they’re â€Å"environmentally neighborly. We will compose a custom article test on Instructive Synthesis: Environmentalism or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now † There are hippies and senior members endeavoring to have any kind of effect in our condition, however Michael Pollan †an educator of science and natural news coverage at the University of California †poses the inquiry, why waste time with attempting to fix environmental change? Our Environment is a significant part of human lives, and ought to be dealt with like our own kids. Our ideas of environmentalism, the manner in which we behave in regular daily existence, and our fight with environmental change and environmentalism monetarily are for the most part factors of a dangerous home we will before long live in. Environmentalism is considered â€Å"a empty concept,† contends Zernike, through the buying of counterbalances she accepts it’s â€Å"the natural likeness paying somebody to eat broccoli so you can continue eating ice cream† (505). Balances are credits sold by organizations, explicitly green organizations to put resources into planting trees or sustainable power source. What Zernike implies by this is it’s not morally passable to give somebody cash to support the earth while you by and by keep on dirtying it, particularly when that cash given to the organization doesn’t consistently go towards subsidizing the battle for carbon lack of bias. Pollan concurs with Zernike’s contention, the interminable pattern of fixing what we’re harming, saving us at a stop for carbon lack of bias and environmental change for quite a long time to come. Pollan realizes that â€Å"halfway around the globe their lives my underhanded twin . . . who’s tingling to supplant each and every pound of CO2 I’m doing whatever it takes not to emit† (509). In spite of the fact that Pollan doesn’t contend about counterbalances, he gives a case of twofold impact naturally; that if strolling to work builds your craving and makes you devour more meat or milk thus, strolling may really emanate more carbon than driving Mckibben then again takes a gander at the more broad image of environmentalism, how people have had affected the earth we as of now live inside and around. Mckibben doesn’t can't help contradicting Zernike and Pollan on environmentalism, he accepts the relations we have with nature have been underestimated. Mckibben doesn’t even call environmentalism in that name itself, rather expressly renaming as the Global Warming Movement. Mckibben contends that individuals accept ferocity is less significant than network. Preservationists today organize building windmills over shielding our natural life from their cutting edges. These little decisions we have will be the effect in how our reality will be seen later on. In the wake of mulling over of the billions of individuals on our planet, we come to acknowledge how enormous of an effect the manner in which we live has on our reality. Our day by day life such a large number of hippies are viewed as an infection to earth all in all. Mckibben contends that â€Å"we greatly affected specific places around us [such as] our fields and forests† (500). Chopping down backwoods changes hydrological cycles, natural examples, and environment designs. In spite of the fact that deforestation is a need to forestall, Zernike is concentrating on changing the ideas of our lives to improve our condition. In the wake of guaranteeing that becoming environmentally viable is useful for a school campus’s open picture, Zernike informs us concerning the endeavors understudies make in changing the manner in which understudies learn, devour, and rest. In spite of the fact that changes, for example, introducing windmills, developing rubbish receptacles to fertilizers, and utilizing biodegradable eating utensils are noteworthy endeavors to change the manner in which we live, Michael Pollan contends that this all doesn’t matter. Pollan keeps on surveying his contention that endeavoring to fix environmental change is nonsensical, he reveals to us that â€Å"the ‘big problem’ is not much or not exactly the aggregate of endless ordinary decisions, generally made by us, generally made by wants, needs, and preferences† (510). Everybody settling on these endless measure of decisions against our condition out of nowhere anticipates that laws and cash should make a move to fix it, Pollan contends that â€Å"it is no less precise to state that laws and cash can't do what's necessary, it will likewise take significant changes in the manner we live,† changes that can't be made by enactment or innovation (510). Our economy can't bolster supplanting our carbon impression. Pollan contends that we look to our pioneers and cash to spare us from the circumstance we’ve gotten ourselves into. Modest vitality, which Pollan contends made specialization conceivable, gave us environmental change, The mindset of specialization is making individuals accept and trust that another innovation will rise and take care of our concern of environmental change. Kate Zernike discloses to us school grounds have started employing particular maintainability organizers to expand their green rating and natural proficiency. In spite of the fact that maintainability facilitators have a â€Å"timetable for turning out to be carbon unbiased . . . 12. 5 million was spent to make the structures inside the grounds more efficient† (506). Bill Mckibben accepts that â€Å"the economy can’t carry out the responsibility any longer, to a limited extent in light of the fact that the unreasonable utilization is correctly what drives the ecological emergency we get ourselves in† (502). Mckibben additionally contends that the ranchers advertise is the quickest developing piece of the food economy in America, since it gives all the more financially reasonable and solid food. Regardless of whether tree huggers like Bill Mckibben figure the ideas of the ecological development ought to be changed to the an Earth-wide temperature boost development, altering our ideas of living and every day life by becoming environmentally friendly and making our structures progressively proficient like Kate Zernike, and disclosing to us how every one of these endeavors to spare the world from a dangerous atmospheric devation doesn’t matter like Michael Pollan. So as to battle our concern with environmental change we need the participation of the billions of individuals that possess our reality. Works Cited Mckibben, Bill. â€Å"The Challenge to Environmentalism. †Ã‚ The Blair Reader: Exploring Issues and Ideas. seventh ed. New York City: Pearson Education, 2011. 500-02. Print. Pollan, Micheal. â€Å"Why Bother? †Ã‚ The Blair Reader: Exploring Issues and Ideas. seventh ed. New York City: Pearson Education, 2011. 508-14. Print. Zernike, Kate. â€Å"Green, Greener, Greenest. †Ã‚ The Blair Reader: Exploring Issues and Ideas. seventh ed. New York City: Pearson Education, 2011. 503-07. Print The most effective method to refer to Informative Synthesis: Environmentalism, Essay models

The Appeals Process Stage of a Criminal Case

The Appeals Process Stage of a Criminal Case Anybody indicted for a wrongdoing has the option to bid that conviction on the off chance that they accept a legitimate mistake has happened. In the event that you have been indicted for a wrongdoing and plan to advance, you are not, at this point known as the respondent, you are currently the appealing party for the situation. In criminal cases, an intrigue requests that a higher court take a gander at the record of the preliminary procedures to decide whether a legitimate blunder happened that may have influenced the result of the preliminary or the sentence forced by the appointed authority. Engaging Legal Errors An intrigue once in a while difficulties the choice of the jury, but instead challenges any lawful blunders that the appointed authority or the indictment may have made during the preliminary. Any decision that the appointed authority made during the fundamental hearing, during pre-preliminary movements and during the preliminary itself can be offered if the appealing party accepts the decision was in blunder. For instance, if your legal counselor made a pre-preliminary movement testing the lawfulness of the pursuit of your vehicle and the appointed authority decided that the police didn't require a court order, that administering can be bid since it permitted proof to be seen by the jury that would not have in any case observed. Notice of Appeal Your lawyer will have a lot of time to set up your conventional intrigue, yet in many states, you make some constrained memories to report your expectation to claim your conviction or sentence. In certain states, you have just 10 days to choose if there are issues that can be bid. Your notification of offer should incorporate the specific issue or issues whereupon you are basing your intrigue. Numerous interests have been dismissed by higher courts just on the grounds that the litigant stood by too long to even think about raising the issue. Records and Writs At the point when you claim your case, the investigative court will get the record of the criminal preliminary and all decisions paving the way to the preliminary. Your lawyer will document a composed brief delineating why you accept your conviction was influenced by legitimate mistake. The indictment similarly will document a composed brief explaining to the redrafting court why it accepts the decision was legitimate and fitting. Normally, after the arraignment records its short, the litigant can document a subsequent brief in rejoinder. The Next Highest Court In spite of the fact that it happens, the lawyer who took care of your criminal preliminary will most likely not handle your intrigue. Advances are generally taken care of by legal counselors who have involvement in the interests procedure and working with higher courts. Despite the fact that the interests procedure shifts from state to express, the procedure for the most part begins with the following most noteworthy court in the framework - state or government - in which the preliminary was held. Much of the time, this is the state investigative. The gathering that loses at the interests courtâ can apply to the following most elevated court, typically the state incomparable court. In the event that the issues associated with the intrigue are protected, the case would then be able to be spoke to the government locale offers court and in the long run to the U.S. Preeminent Court. Direct Appeals/Automatic Appeals Any individual who is condemned to death is consequently given an immediate intrigue. Contingent upon the express, the intrigue might be required or subject to the litigants decision. Direct interests consistently go to the most noteworthy court in the state. In government cases, the immediate intrigue goes to the bureaucratic courts.A board of judges settles on the result of direct interests. The appointed authorities at that point can either avow the conviction and sentence, turn around the conviction, or opposite the passing sentence. The losing side can thenâ petition for a writ of certiorari with the U.S. Incomparable Court.â Claims Rarely Successful Not very many criminal preliminary interests are effective. That is the reason when a criminal intrigue is without a doubt, it stands out as truly newsworthy in the media since it is uncommon. All together for a conviction or a sentence to be upset, the interests court not exclusively should locate that a blunder happened, yet additionally that the mistake was clear and genuine enough to influence the result of the preliminary. A criminal conviction can be requested on the premise that the quality of the proof introduced a preliminary didn't bolster the decision. This sort of bid is essentially more costly and significantly more extensive than a legitimate blunder bid and much more infrequently effective.

And the End Closes In

And the End Closes In I’m finally in my last semester as an MIT undergraduate, and the majority of my time since classes have started has been spent doing something related to photography. I’ve taken plenty of HASS classes in my day, but this is the first that doesn’t seem like work. That’s not to say that I didn’t enjoy my other classes (I’ve been known to offer to take on other people’s HASS requirements), but there is just something about taking pictures, editing pictures, looking at pictures, reading about pictures that is just, well, FUN. After spending the semester learning how to use my camera (and learning other things as well, I suppose), it was exciting to sit down and see what ended up documented. The photography class I am taking is 21W.749, or Documentary Photography and Photo Journalism: Still Images of a World in Motion. Although admittedly it is a writing class (which I would generally avoid with a 10 foot stick), it is more focused on photography and then writing some accompanying text as a short feature piece. To be honest, this class does scare me. I don’t have significant amounts of photography experience, and I don’t usually take pictures of people. The idea of someone yelling at me for taking their picture is admittedly a little terrifying. But a rule of the class is no asking permission allowed. But what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger? (or hopefully at least results in good photographs). The other classes I am taking this semester are 1.013 and 1.041. Yup, only three classes. The glory of being a second semester senior. I don’t quite know what to do with myself right now. I haven’t had too much work yet (knock on wood), but am actually contemplating adding another class (1.253) or getting a UROP. I get bored easily. Details to follow. I am also TAing a class, but that time commitment is relatively low. Back to the classes I am actually taking. 1.013: Senior Civil and Environmental Engineering Design Lab. Instead of doing a thesis, we in civil and environmental engineering spend the semester working on four different projects, meant to simulate working in the real world (which some of us will be joining post-graduation). We have done a design critique of buildings and projects around the Boston area and are working on a project looking at natural hazards and their impacts on infrastructure. Later on in the semester we will be in different teams designing and building a quick assembly bridge for use in developing countries where floods are a common occurrence. Finally, our major term project is designing a new departmental facility for the Course 1 and Course 12 on a new site on campus. It is an open-ended project which should be a lot of fun. 1.041: Transportation Systems Modeling. I have heard mixed review about this class, but I am starting to realize it is because it is a required class for the undergraduate Course 1 degree and most people don’t really want to know anything about transportation. Fair enough, but I am actually quite excited about this class. How do you schedule transportation systems? Model conflicts? How do you collect data that you can use to create tools for users? Basically, it sounds awesome and is exposure to transportation in a way I haven’t had before. I haven’t spent much time on the modeling side of transportation, but am excited to delve in.

Male Stereotypes in The Bell Jar - Literature Essay Samples

Sylvia Plath, the author of The Bell Jar, once said, â€Å"Is there no way out of the mind?† (Sylvia). Like her protagonist, Esther Greenwood, Plath struggled with depression and mental illness. This aspect of her life became a very prominent theme in her novel, but it is far from the only one. As Esther deals with this mental instability, she also suffers greatly from the expectations society has for her as a woman. Esther’s frustration with all of the talk of children, marriage, and working under men is one of the main reasons why she becomes depressed. Society has several stereotypes for women. However, although the expectations of women play a more prominent role in the story, there are several male stereotypes that are reinforced and revealed as well. Through characters such as Buddy, Marco, and Doctor Gordon, a definite and often negative gender identity revolving around several stereotypes is developed for men. More specifically, in the novel The Bell Jar by Sylv ia Plath, most of the male characters are portrayed as having stereotypical qualities such as selfishness, a condescending attitude, and the belief that women should comply with society’s expectations. This reveals that while society has many stereotypes for women, it also places several on men as well. To begin, one male character who is portrayed as having stereotypically male characteristics is Buddy Willard, Esthers former boyfriend. One of the stereotypical aspects that he possesses is the strong belief that men should be the head of the household and that women need to be married. When Esther rejects his marriage proposal and says that she never was to get married, he responds, â€Å"Youre crazyYoull change your mind† (Plath 89). Through his response, Buddy reveals that he expects women to get married, which reinforces the gender stereotype that men would believe this. At the same time, two other gender stereotypes that Buddy represents are selfishness and the belief that men are always in control. When he goes to visit Esther, it is not to support her, but to ease his guilt about the fact that he may have contributed to her condition. He asks her, â€Å"Do you think theres something in me that drives women crazy?† (Plath 229). When Esther tells him that it was n ot his fault, he is very relieved, and does not seem to care at all about how Esther is doing. Through this, Buddy shows that not only does he just think of himself, he also believes that women do not even have the capacity to go out of their minds without the help of a man. This reveals two stereotypically male traits, selfishness and the belief that men have control over women, that are reinforced through Plaths novel. In other words, by portraying Buddy as selfish and condescending, Plath reinforces two major stereotypes of men. Furthermore, another character who reinforces several male stereotypes through The Bell Jar is Marco, a man Esther meets at a party Doreen takes her to. Although he is not a major character in the story, it is clear through his actions that he is both condescending and demanding. Also through his actions with Esther, one can conclude that he is powerful and enjoys having that power. All of these characteristics are traditional stereotypes for men. While Esther dances with Marco, she describes him as a â€Å"woman-hater,† and says such â€Å"woman-haters were like gods: invulnerable and chock-full of power† (Plath 103). By portraying this character on a pedestal, Plath continues to reinforce these stereotypes. Through this scene it is implied that men hold the power in relationships, and that their role in society is to be on top. Additionally, Marco represents yet another male stereotype in that he only desires Esther for sex. After they dance, he leads Esther outside a nd â€Å"set[s] his teeth to the strap at [her] shoulder and [tears her] sheath to the waist† (Plath 104). When she tries to get away he holds her down and calls her a â€Å"slut† (Plath 105). Going so far as attempting to rape her, Marco clearly only wants Esther for sex. Also, during this scene Esther does not seem surprised about the situation, which contributes to the overall gender identity the novel has developed for men by implying that this is normal and even expected behavior. Overall, Marco is a character who represents and supports several male stereotypes in Plaths novel. In addition, Esthers doctor, Doctor Gordon, is also portrayed as having several stereotypically male characteristics. First of all, before Esther meets Dr. Gordon, she is hoping that he will be able to help her become more like herself again. However, as soon as she sees the doctor she determines that he is â€Å"good-looking† and â€Å"conceited† (Plath 124). She then assumes that he will not be able to help her. Through Esthers quick assumptions, it is revealed that she expects men, especially good-looking men, to be conceited. Coupled with the fact that Doctor Gordon is a Doctor, which is commonly thought of as a male profession, it is clear that several male stereotypes are reinforced through this character. Additionally, Doctor Gordon can be compared to the female Doctor Nolan, who Esther prefers. Esther makes it very clear that she dislikes Doctor Gordon, and it does not help that when he gives her a shock treatment it is painful and ineffective. In contrast, Esth er gets along successfully with Doctor Nolan, and the shock treatments Dr. Nolan gives her are far more pleasant and successful. Before giving her the first treatment, Doctor Nolan says, â€Å"Listen, EstherI’m going over with you. Ill be there the whole time, so everything will happen right, the way I promised. Ill be there when you wake up, and Ill bring you back again† (Plath 204). Not only does Doctor Nolan administer the treatment properly, she also makes sure that Esther is comfortable. Through this comparison, one can conclude that women are more positive in a power position than men, which challenges the stereotypical idea that men should be in charge. However, it also adds to the general negativity in which men are portrayed throughout the novel, and implies that they are not caring or empathetic. Therefore, Doctor Gordon reinforces several traditional stereotypes of men throughout the novel. All things considered, through the characters Buddy, Marco, and Doctor Gordon, Sylvia Plath reinforces many male stereotypes and develops a specific gender identity for men in her novel, The Bell Jar. Like how Plaths own struggles with depression are reflected though her character, Esther, one can assume that this stereotypical and negative portrayal of men came from Plaths own life as well. Her novel is, of course, an autobiography. This goes to show that stereotypes are not just present in stories and literature. No matter what is done to work against them, stereotypes and gender identities remain rooted in society, and most likely will never completely be erased.

Free Math Word Problem Worksheets for Fifth-Graders

Fosters Chapter When in Doubt - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 968 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Frankenstein Essay Did you like this example? In Fosters Chapter, When in Doubt, Its From Shakespeare, he discusses how many authors borrow from Shakespeares work since it was so cleaver and legendary. He explains by borrowing from such a talented writer can make their work more detailed, meaningful, and creative. He also suggests that the readers should look for any references from Shakespeares plays to enhance their understanding of the text. In Frankenstein, there is a connection to the Shakespeare play, The Tempest. In The Tempest, two characters relate to Victor and the monster in Frankenstein. In The Tempest, there is Caliban, which is a half human and half monster, so that character relates most to the monster and there is Sycorax, which is Calibans creator so that character mostly relates to Victor. Both monsters had to face fates and in Frankenstein the monster recalls the saying, All men hate the wretched; how then, must I be hated, whom am miserable beyond all living things! Yet you, my creator, detest and spurn me, thy creature, to whom thou art bound by ties only dissoluble by the annihilation of one of us. (Shelley 81). Caliban is essentially considered like an ancestor type of monster, while the monster in Frankenstein was more of an accident created by an eager scientist wanting to advance scientific knowledge. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fosters Chapter When in Doubt" essay for you Create order In Fosters Chapter, Geography Matters, he discusses how authors have to choose a place for their story to be set in. Authors do not choose a random setting; they usually use a specific setting that accompanies what their story is about. Generally, geography refers to objects such as rivers, hills, and trees but in literature, it can also be referred to as the industry, attitude, or psychology of a text. It can be in any element like a theme or symbol. Frankenstein is set in the North, which Victor describes as, the snows thickened and the cold increased in a degree almost too severe to support (Shelley 182). The North symbolizes distance from society and distance for one being in tune with their emotions. Victor becomes more distant from everyone, including his family and friends, once he created the monster. He even strays himself away from human qualities by lacking emotions. Victor even stated, Company was irksome to me But busy, uninteresting faces brought back despair to my heart (Shelley 137). This further shows Victor distancing himself from people, which is why the North was the perfect setting since that is also associated with isolation. In Fosters Chapter, So Does Season, he discusses how each season has its own significance. For instance, winter is seen as the season of death because of events that happen during it such as hibernation, extremely cold temperatures, and lack of growth. Spring is seen as the season of happiness, growth, life, and resurrection. Summer is seen as the season of youth. Fall is seen as the season that serves as a slowly approaching winter and that is when harvest begins to happen. In literature, authors tend to use irony when implementing the seasons into their writing. In Frankenstein, a little boy named William was killed during spring, which is supposed to be a month of happiness and life, so his death is ironic, and is looked at as a premature death. Ironically, the monster is brought to life in the winter on a dreary night of November which is supposed to be a month of death (Shelley 42). This was forbidden since they knew that winter was a season of death and that bad was to come if life was brought about during that time. However, Victor became cured mentally for a brief amount of time by the divine spring that came after winter (Shelley 47). For the monsters first few years of life, he was trying to get use to this new world and was very curious and observant of the seasons. As he continued to do that, that is when he realized each season has significance to it. He began to see that winter killed nature due to the extremely cold temperatures and it also caused human life to struggle. In contrast, when spring came, he felt happiness and joy and would proclaim that the Earth fit habitation for gods (Shelley 96). Due to the monsters observations and feelings towards the seasons, it eventually brought about the process of the life cycle, which is birth, death, and resurrection. Ultimately, it can be implied that Shelley uses the significance behind seasons in Frankenstein to prove that nature has all the answers to life. In Fosters Chapter, Marked For Greatness, he suggests that a physical mark may be on the outside of a character but it can signify an emotional, psychological, or moral scar they have on the inside. Not on living species can have these scars but so can places and landscapes. A physical scar can also represent emotional scars due to the environment one is surrounded in. The monster is scary looking and deformed on the outside to the point society exiles him, but he has a good heart, which shows irony since his human creator is perfectly normal on the outside but is completely dead and oblivious on the inside. Even though it is stated that the monsters yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath, that was just on the outside, which made him a monster, but on the inside, he was good and just wanted to be accepted (Shelley 35). Victor further described this monster he created as having watery eyes similar to his dun-white sockets. He also says the monster had a shriveled complexion and straight black lips (Shelley 43). These descriptions of the monster show why the humans feared and resented him, but it also shows a flaw in society on how people arent accepting of people that are deformed or different from them.

Corruption of Wealth and Society through Geography in The...

Throughout The Great Gatsby, various locations are introduced that correlate to specific types of inhabitants. The geography of the novel is primarily comprised of four scenes: East Egg, West Egg, the valley of the ashes, and New York City. Although all of the localities are situated in the East, Nick muses at the end of the novel that the story is, in actuality, â€Å"of the West† (Fitzgerald 176). This discovery insinuates that the materialisms of the East besmirched the characters of the West, symbolizing the deteriorating effects the quest for riches has on traditional values. Employing the four major settings, Fitzgerald is able to translate the moral and social corruption of society which dramatically contrasts with the conventional†¦show more content†¦Both Tom and Daisy â€Å"were careless people,† since â€Å"they smashed up things and creatures and retreated back to their money or their vast carelessness† after the damage was done (179). Daisy is chiefly concerned with wealth and status, and becomes infatuated with the ostentatious mansion Gatsby flaunts. This obsession with affluence is portrayed when she â€Å"began to cry stormily† at the mere sight of Gatsby’s lavish collection of expensive shirts (92). Even after her lengthy affair with Gatsby, Daisy neglects to attend his funeral, symbolizing her callous nature and the fact that she used Gatsby for his prestige. Unlike East Egg, West Egg is primarily comprised of new money as exhibited by Jay Gatsby. In contrast to its counterparts, West Egg is gaudy and extravagant, symbolized through the grandiose manor Gatsby occupies. Gatsby’s mansion is described as â€Å"a colossal affair by any standard† which he utilizes to throw flamboyant parties in hopes that his longtime love Daisy will attend (5). In this sense, he exploits his wealth to gain Daisy’s affection, judging the relationship by â€Å"the measure of response† the house evoked from Daisy’s â€Å"well-loved eyes† (91). Gatsby relies on artificial and materialistic means as a foundation for his love. West Egg is also represented as having an inability to conform to societal norms as well as translate social cues. For example,Show MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1609 Words   |  7 PagesFitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, the degeneration of society and people during that time due to their immaculate wealth and their glamorous lives is captured perfectly. The entire book seems to revolve around one major theme: the decline of the American dream and the perfect society that supposedly came with it. This is set apart from the other themes in the book because instead of being mentioned directly, it is hinted at by means of oratorical words and phrases. Throughout The Great Gatsby, FitzgeraldRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1621 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican history that profoundly depicted social inequality, immorality, superficiality, and unrest. During this time period, the iconic story of F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, was written and published. In this revolutionary novel, F. Scott Fitzgerald revisits his fascinating childhood in a more fictitious manner. The Great Gatsby describes and details the life of a young man from Minnesota, known as Nick Carraway, who moves to New York after World War 1 during the Roaring Twenties when t he ideaRead MoreThe American Dream By Jim Cullen1265 Words   |  6 Pageseconomics, and society. This â€Å"American Dream†, depicted by Jim Cullen, is a Puritan-inspired strive for opportunity presenting itself as an universal standard that constitutes to ultimate success. The reality of this Dream is a flawed repetition of a continuous pursuit of happiness, where one bleeds and sacrifices to be â€Å"happy†, and the constant modification of a new value and faith that resonates within each society introduced. The variation of this dream is communicated through the setting of FRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald3978 Words   |  16 PagesThe Great Gatsby – RRS Title: The Great Gatsby Author: F. Scott Fitzgerald Publication Date: 1925 Nationality: American Author’s Birth/Death Date: September 24, 1896 –December 21, 1940 Distinguishing Traits of Author: F. Scott Fitzgerald was an alcoholic, but a serious writer and hard worker. His own personal experiences might have influenced his writings, including Fitzgerald’s participation in World War I, his move to New York, and his pursuance of a lucrative career to win a woman’sRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Analysis5626 Words   |  23 PagesIntroduction â€Å"The Great Gatsby†Ã‚  is a  novel  by the  American  author  F. Scott Fitzgerald. First published in 1925, it is set on  Long Islands  North Shore  and in  New York City  from spring to autumn of 1922. The novel takes place following the  First World War. American society enjoyed prosperity during the â€Å"roaring†Ã‚  as the economy soared. At the sameRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald3918 Words   |  16 PagesEric Chong Period 5 The Great Gatsby - RRS Title: The Great Gatsby Publication Date: April 10, 1925 Author: F. Scott Fitzgerald Nationality: American Author’s Birth/Death Dates: September 25, 1896 – December 21, 1940 Distinguishing Traits of Author: F. Scott Fitzgerald was raised in St. Paul, Minnesota and was named after his ancestor Francis Scott Key, who is the author of â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner.† He is widely regarded as one of the greatest AmericanRead MorePsychology and Author’s Purpose in the Great Gatsby2923 Words   |  12 PagesPsychology and Author’s Purpose in The Great Gatsby It was 1931, six years after the publication of The Great Gatsby, when historian James Truslow Adams coined the term The American Dream (â€Å"The Epic of America†, 415). Yet, his was a new take on an old concept. F. Scott Fitzgerald did not have to wait for Adams to brilliantly propose that the ideal of social equality and the pursuit of Happiness is a dream like enterprise, which has little to do with reality (US 1776). In the 1920’s

Essay on G.I.R.L.S. Keeping It Real - 562 Words

G.I.R.L.S. Keeping It Real (Girls, Independent and Proud, Relationships on Equal Terms, Leaders Today and Tomorrow, Staying Safe and Strong) is an initiative to empower at-risk 11-15 year old females throughout the city of Wilmington, Delaware, with the knowledge and skills empowering them to make good decisions and lead peaceful and productive lives. Six monthly G.I.R.L.S. Teen Summits (Teen Summits) have been developed with the goal of reducing the occurrence of youth gang violence and related crime by: increasing positive decision-making skills, increasing capacity to resist negative peer pressure, providing girls with a healthy view of interpersonal relationships and human sexuality, coaching participants to channel anger into†¦show more content†¦These partners work together to plan and participate in each Teen Summit, so that it is of maximum benefit to the participants. Each colleague facilitates a summit based on their area of expertise. The Wilmington City Police provide safety at each Teen Summit, they have also spoken on the topic of careers in policing, gang resistance, community safety, and the importance of bridging the gap between law enforcement and the community. A core group of girls continues to attend each summit, including girls adjudicated to a therapeutic group environment. More girls attend each subsequent summit. In one case, one of the girls attending the Teen Summit had planned to meet two older teenage boys prior to going home. As a result of the summit, she called her parents to pick her up instead. Two teen mothers attended the summit with their infants and admitted the serious hardships of teen motherhood and issues that impair their ability to continue their education. At another summit, when questioned  ¾ of the group indicated that they knew gang members and one participant asked the gang prevention specialist strategies on how she could help get a friend out of a gang. Another participant felt safe enough to disclose to the whole group of girls that she had be physically and sexually abused by her boyfriend. Coalition experts immediately

Heart Is a Lonely Hunter Free Essays

â€Å"We can’t solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. † * Albert Einstein The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is a book describing and reflecting upon the problems in the southern United States in the 1930’s. The problems that the author, Carson McCullers, analyzes include alcoholism, labor unions, racial bias, as well as the many problems that economic instability can create. We will write a custom essay sample on Heart Is a Lonely Hunter or any similar topic only for you Order Now McCullers depicts each problem in a very realistic manner connecting one character with one specific issue. The reader identifies with each character because the social problems the characters face have not gone away. Americans still fight for economic justice and racial equality. Labor unions are still demonized by big corporations. These issues have not gone away. The most overbearing problem- in the 1930’s and currently- is the economy. Poverty prevents a main character in this novel, Mick Kelly, from being able to follow her dream. Mick loves music more than anything in the world: â€Å"The whole world was this symphony, and there was not enough of her to listen†¦ Now that it was over there was only her heart beating like a rabbit and this terrible hurt. (145) Micks feels so passionately about music that she wants to absorb as much as possible. She wants to pursue her dream of music, however, her father does not have a stable income and her mother works very hard for very little. This situation restrains Mick from being able to pursue her dreams by not allowing her to get the adequate instructions and opportunities she needs. The fact the Mick grows up working instead of in an env ironment where she cannot take music lessons or have the opportunity to follow her dreams, holds her from achieving greatness. The working class not only had to deal with the poverty but also labor unions. Jake Blount is a confused and mentally unstable man who spends his first few weeks in town drunk. Blount has many ideas that he is constantly speaking about: â€Å"words came out of his throat like a cataract† (13). Blount is upset with company’s treatment of the middle class and finds it necessary to tell most everyone in his presence. He believes that America should enact socialist reforms. He is constantly encouraging the revolts of middle class workers to revolt as a reaction to the treatment in the workplace. Another prominent problem that McCullers identifies is institutionalized racism. Dr. Copeland’s solution is education and fighting against the inequity: â€Å"In the face of brutality I was prudent. Before injustice I held my peace. I sacrificed the things in hand for the good of the hypothetical whole. I believed in the tongue instead of the fist. As armor against oppression I taught patience and faith in the human soul. I know now how wrong I was. I have been a traitor to myself and my people. All that is rot. Now is the time to act and to act quickly. Fight cunning with cunning and might with might. † (301-302) Dr. Copeland when first dealing with racism would attempt to find peace and submit to the criticism. As time went on in his life he realizes the best option is to fight the injustice. Not only has the problem held true to today’s society, but his solution to the problem has become a reality. The problems the characters experienced then are still prevalent today. Poverty is an issue that is one of the focus of society. According to San Jose University the unemployment rate in the Great Depression peaked at 23%. The current unemployment rate, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is at 9. 2%. While these numbers are different, they are still both very high. McCullers approaches this subject in very realistic and connecting method. The perspective in the 1930’s, Mick Kelly is one that many kids are facing today. Kids today and 1930’s face the problem of wanting to pursue their dreams but instead must work to support their family. This leads to unequal social statuses of children from varying backgrounds. Not only has the poverty remained present, labor unions have as well. Labor unions continue to be demonized by large companies. Since the 1930’s labor union membership had been steadily decreasing until the beginning of the current economic recession. The fact that McCullers took the time to analyze such a problem that still exists today show how perceptive she was socially of the world around her. Institutionalized racism is a subject that is no longer prevalent today. The reason that the issue has decreased is because solution of fighting the injustice has taken effect. The current American president, Barack Obama, has dealt with the problems that McCullers describes. He has also taken the solution that McCullers implements through Dr. Copeland and has become the American president. McCullers identifies the possibility of the success and offers the solution. The problems of society are not taken lightly by anyone. McCullers broaches the problems in a careful yet aggressive manner. She paints a powerful picture of each issue allowing the reader to connect with each problem even sixty years after writing the book. It does not take a genius to realize that the problems that McCullers examines and even offers solutions for come problems that are still prominent in today’s society. The specifics of the economy, labor unions, and racial bias have evolved with the rest of the country, but the fact that the problems are still here is a testament to the social awareness of McCullers while she was writing The Heart is a Lonely Hunter. While McCullers did not actually change these issues, she brought to light struggles that many Americans are facing today. How to cite Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, Essay examples

Cognitive Development Of Psychology Click to Get Free Sample

Question: Describe about the Cognitive Development of Psychology? Answer: Cognitive Development: Cognitive development is the method of acquire aptitude and ever more difficult thinking and crisis solve capability from childhood to adulthood. Formerly thought that the infant lack of capability to believe or from the compound thoughts and remain without cognition until they learn verbal communication (Khalid, 2015). Cognitive development is the process of how an individual perceives, think and gain accepting of his or her world from first to last the interaction of inherent and learned factors. The areas were cognitive development focus on, that is information dispensation, intellectual, way of thinking language expansion and remembrance. A most important argument in cognitive development has been nature and nurture that is the query if cognitive development is primarily resolute by an individuals inborn qualities or by their personal understanding. On the other hand, it is now acknowledged by the expert that this is a fake dichotomy: there is overpowering proof from biological and behavioral science that from the initial points in expansion, genetic material interacts with actions and experience in the environment (Magid, Sheskin and Schulz, 2015). Core system of cognition recognized by psychologists: One of the core systems of cognition recognized by psychologists are the following: Biological theories In this field of environmental science and psychology, the assumption of development is used to improved and recognize how biological influence on enlargement network with the experience to shape in increasing traits (Pulsford, Lindenmayer and Driscoll, 2014). When this theory is applied to people the essential thought is that there is bias and constraint on the type of understanding the children easily and obtain during the growth as well as an aptitude to learn evolutionarily book and culturally specified knowledge. David Geary was set up the evolutionary educational psychology in a consequent area and represent to recognize how to evolve knowledge bias interact with the learning of evolutionarily novel information in school (Aguiar and Taylor, 2015). Behaviorist Perspective The main conjecture of this approach is that all behavior is cultured and formed by the environment (Robinson, 2014). Moreover, Behaviorist Perspective argues that in organize for psychology is to be scientific and it supposed to be focus on apparent behavior which can be independently measured rather than on things like cognitive process which can only be contingent. In behaviorist perspective there is two kind of conditioning theories that is classical conditioning and operant conditioning, were as classical condition tell us how to study behavior through organization (Duits et al., 2015) and operant condition tell us how the penalty of behavior reinforces (Johnes, 2014). Stages of Piagets theory: Piagets theory is the opinion that cognitive development occur in a sequence of four separate, worldwide stage and both of this are characterize by more and more complicated and conceptual level of consideration (Magid, Sheskin and Schulz, 2015). All this stage are occurring in same order and each of them are building on what was learning in the preceding stage (Viederyt, 2014). The following stage is: Sensor motor stage - In this stage infant and toddler are acquiring information all the way through sensory understanding and manipulate matter. Currently in expansion, a childs intelligence consists of their basic motor and sensory investigation of the world. Piagets supposed that rising is known as objective stability or objective loyalty, and also accepting that objective continue to exist, even when they cannot be seen, and a significant element at this point of expansion (Pulsford, Lindenmayer and Driscoll, 2014). Preoperational stages In these stage children learn through pretend play but still move violently with reason and pleasing the view point of other people. In this they also move violently through the ideal of reliability (Witt and Helmstaedter, 2015). Example suppose investigator may take a lump of clay and make it into two piece and both piece are equal in nature, they told a kid to choose one of them and here the one piece is shaped like a ball and other piece are shaped like a flat screen, while by choosing between two of them the preoperational will might select the flat one because flat one look like larger in shape (Pulsford, Lindenmayer and Driscoll, 2014). Concrete operational stage In this stage kid might think in more logical way, and their thinking might be inflexible. They inclined to resist with theoretical and imaginary concept. In this stage kid capacity turn into less self-centered and start to think about how others might feel and believe. In this concrete operational stage they start to recognize how their opinion is exclusive to them and everyone need to shares their feelings, thoughts and opinion. Formal operational stage - This is the last and final stage in Piagets theory, which occupy a raise in judgment, the capability to use deductive analysis and also indulgent in conceptual ideas. Importance of Piagets: Schema it is one of the most important concepts of Piagets theory of cognitive development. Take an example of Christmas festival which include money, winter, gold, Santa etc and other have different schema like holiday, birth of Jesus etc. yes, there is a schema for each and every kind of things like for occupation, events, yourself for others etc (West, 2014). Assimilation it is a process of incorporate fresh information into a pre-existing plan. Take an example of an old lady, an old lady see a youngster attack another person, she might incorporate aggression or offense into her teenager schema. After that she thinks that the teenager will applied her schema to them, and then it may show prejudice. Here a simple process used as an information which is already fit to pre-existing category (Pulsford, Lindenmayer and Driscoll, 2014). Accommodation - while approaching crossways a new thing for the first time, a child will do an effort and apply an old schema to the objective. Again here they use the same dog example here the child may have four leg in their dog schema and other compare with another animal like cat; cat might look like a dog that is absorption. While saying that this is cat instead of dog than it will be accommodation which is the newly information into another schema (Magid, Sheskin and Schulz, 2015). Adaptation The two part of adaptation is accommodation and assimilation which refer to the adapting our schemata to make a perfect model of the world we live in. It might be a kind of learning but it is totally opposite to the Behaviorist psychology that I classical and operational conditioning (Pulsford, Lindenmayer and Driscoll, 2014). Equilibrium In this Piaget recommended that human logically do their best to achieve a cognitive balance, here should be a balance between apply previous knowledge which is assimilation and altering schemata to the explanation for new information which is accommodation. Piaget also recommended that if a child schema is not fit to the reality then it might be a tension in his mind. While balancing accommodation and assimilation then the anxiety might reduce and can be carry on to higher levels of consideration and knowledge which is known as equilibration (Magid, Sheskin and Schulz, 2015). Evaluate Piagets theories of cognitive development with reference to the ideas of the other theorists. As we have learnt earlier that cognitive development is the study in psychology and neuroscience which focuses on the development of a child in terms related to processing of information, perceptual skills, conceptual resources, and all aspects which is related to cognitive psychology and development of brain compared to the point of view of an adult (Boom, 2004). Piagets theory is the broad study of human intelligence and nature. He believed that childhood plays a vital role in the growth of brain. A child learns by doing things and exploring them. Intellectual development theory focuses on adaptation, perception and manipulating the environment surrounding them. It is also known as the development stage theory. Cognitive development to Piaget was the developmental reorganization of the mental process which results from the environmental experience and biological maturation (Cook-Cottone, 2004). This theory can be more evaluated by stating that the theorist believed that all childre n build an understanding of the surroundings and then experiences them on their own, and then find out the difference of what they know already and what they discovered. The development is in the center of human where the language is dependent on the understanding and knowledge which is acquired through the cognitive development (Crafter, 2015). There is another theory on cognitive development given by Lev Vygotsky, who believed that the social community largely influences the thinking process of children. Here, psychological or technical tools are mainly responsible for this. Vygotsky proposed that in order to gain social acquaintance, individual must have to be aware about the way of communication. A small child will learn from their olders, how to communicate with using appropriate languages. As per Vygotsky this can be termed as More Knowledgeable Other (MKO). According to him, MKO can be teachers, older, instructor, parents, professional, etc. which excluded friends, children and computers. Here, mainly Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) approach has been placed. According to the first level, that is, Present Level of Development, it can be sent that the child has the capability to do something without taking assistance from any person. On the other hand, the level 2- or the Potential Level of Development explained that the child can potentially be competent enough to do something in line with the help of teachers and other people (Lao and Kuhn, 2002). There is a gap between Level 1 and Level 2 which by Vygotsky is described as the Zone of Proximal Development. He assumed that with the help from others a child will be able to potentially gain knowledge which is already held by them. Knowledge must be appropriate enough so that the child can grasp it (Kozulin, 2011). Both the theories, when evaluated and compared, offer extremely influential theories which had a strong impression with respect to the method of teaching children (Levykh, 2008). Evaluate evidence from studies of cognitive development and relate findings to theories of cognitive development Even though there is a rivalry between the two theorists with the competing theories. To evaluate the evidences from the studies of cognitive development and relate findings with it the following table will be of much help. The table shows the contrasts in both the theories: Piagets View Vygotskys view Learning Solitary Social Development is driven By conflict between stages By input from MKO and others Context Development is universal and stages are same irrespective of the context Development is different depending on the social and cultural context Knowledge Children attain knowledge by exploring themselves Children work with others to attain knowledge Stage Yes No Languages Role Thought drives language Language drives thought Speech Social speech becomes inner speech Egocentric speech becomes social speech Link Development comes first then learning Learning comes first than development The contrasts of the two theories are very competing. The theories are challenging broad and complexities of human nature. Now we would look in-depth of both the theories with respect to its findings and its evaluations. Findings and evaluations of Piagets theory: Piagets theory is based on numerous defined and rigid stages. What is the probability cognitive development will occur mechanically as the theory suggests? A child need to move to the next stage and a switch does not brush whereby moving onto another stage. There is contrary evidence which suggests some facts of the study are inaccurate. There was criticism that Piagets underestimated the ability of the children and infants. The procedure used to define the theory was highly criticized pointing that if children are incapable of cognitive functioning or Piagets methods were much complicated for a childs understanding (Saengpun, 2012). The theory had a high impact on teaching techniques all over and it stays as one of the vital developmental theories in the education till date. The theory gives framework to understand what may happen when children acquire particular cognitive knowledge. Findings and evaluations of Vygotskys theory: This theory emphasizes much on the social culture and interaction by which other facets of the development is missed. There is no extensive explanation for individual differences and developmental problems. The theory has huge implication on education which shows that how MKOs and adults can engage actively in helping the children reach their full potential. According to this theory it is found that children who work together in pairs do better and construct compound ideas than working alone. In this theory group learning is initiated with looking into the cognitive development of the individual. Explain some of the difficulties relating to research into cognitive development Studies have shown that parents use these theories to decide what to purchase in order to support the growth of their child. In the academic purpose teachers also use these theories to determine which syllabus will be suitable for the students. Recent studies have shown that children having the same grade and being in the same age perform their tasks differently in basic mathematical fluency. The stage of the cognitive development differs from person to person and it affects and impacts on how someone reflects on everything. As this theory of Piagets was applauded it was criticized also (Jeltova, 2004). It was found that development do not progress in a smooth way as his theory says. It was found that children are able to learn concepts and has the capability to do complex reasoning that is supposed to be more advanced cases. This theory is of domain general which predicts that maturation occurs simultaneously across different domain of knowledge. The theorist in this case did not ta ke into account the changeability in the performance of a child (Shabani, Khatib and Ebadi, 2010). Vygotskys theory is a modern application of reciprocal teaching which is used to perk up the ability of the students to learn from the text. According to this theory, the students and the teachers work together in learning the four key elements of questioning, clarifying, summarizing and predicting, by way of which the teachers time is lessened. Vygotsky is pertinent to concepts like apprenticeship and scaffolding where a teacher is an adult who helps to structure and arrange a task. This theory well accepted both by parents and teachers was also criticized. Vygotsky did not obtain equal level of strong scrutiny like Piaget due to the lengthy process. This theory does not provide particular hypothesis making repudiation difficult if not impossible. It was also stated that Vygotskys ideas were not culturally widespread but an alternative concepts of scaffolding which was dependent on verbal instruction. This may not be equal in all cultures in the learning process. In some cases pract ice and observation may be more effective (Spinath and Spinath, 2005 References: Aguiar, N. and Taylor, M. (2015). Children's concepts of the social affordances of a virtual dog and a stuffed dog.Cognitive Development. Boom, J. (2004). Commentary on: Piaget's stages: the unfinished symphony of cognitive development. New Ideas in Psychology, 22(3), pp.239-247. Cook-Cottone, C. (2004). Using Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development to Understand the Construction of Healing Narratives. Journal of College Counseling, 7(2), pp.177-186. Crafter, S. (2015). Cultural psychology and deconstructing developmental psychology. Feminism Psychology. Duits, P., Cath, D., Lissek, S., Hox, J., Hamm, A., Engelhard, I., van den Hout, M. and Baas, J. (2015). UPDATED META-ANALYSIS OF CLASSICAL FEAR CONDITIONING IN THE ANXIETY DISORDERS.Depression and Anxiety, p.n/a-n/a. Jeltova, I. (2004). Vygotsky's Theories: Psychological Tools for Educational Psychologists: A Review of Kozulin, Gindis, Ageyev, and Miller's Edited Volume, Vygotsky's Educational Theory in Cultural Context. j cognit educat psychol, 3(3), pp.351-355. Johnes, J. (2014). Operational Research in education.European Journal of Operational Research. Khalid, M. (2015). Educational Theories of Cognitive Development.Journal of Educational and Social Research. Kozulin, A. (2011). Introduction to Vygotsky's "The Dynamics of the Schoolchild's Mental Development in Relation to Teaching and Learning". J Cognit Educat Psychol, 10(2), pp.195-197. Lao, J. and Kuhn, D. (2002). Cognitive engagement and attitude development. Cognitive Development, 17(2), pp.1203-1217. Levykh, M. (2008). THE AFFECTIVE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF VYGOTSKYS ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT. Educational Theory, 58(1), pp.83-101. Magid, R., Sheskin, M. and Schulz, L. (2015). Imagination and the generation of new ideas.Cognitive Development. Pulsford, S., Lindenmayer, D. and Driscoll, D. (2014). A succession of theories: purging redundancy from disturbance theory.Biol Rev, p.n/a-n/a. Robinson, D. (2014). Psychology as its history: A word more.Theory Psychology, 24(5), pp.723-725. Saengpun, J. (2012). Development of a Childs Semiotic Activity with the Help of Psychological Tools: A Vygotskys Cultural-Historical Perspective. Psychology, 03(05), pp.424-427. Shabani, K., Khatib, M. and Ebadi, S. (2010). Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development: Instructional Implications and Teachers' Professional Development. English Language Teaching, 3(4). Spinath, B. and Spinath, F. (2005). Development of self-perceived ability in elementary school: the role of parents perceptions, teacher evaluations, and intelligence. Cognitive Development, 20(2), pp.190-204. Viederyt, R. (2014). Cluster formation patterns: the general indicators, criteria, stages and gestation phases overview.Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development, 36(3), pp.688-700. West, D. (2014). Piaget's system of spatial logic: The semiosis of index.Semiotica, 2014(202). Witt, J. and Helmstaedter, C. (2015). Cognition in the early stages of adult epilepsy.Seizure, 26, pp.65-68.

Problems of Voluntary Turnover and the Strategies -myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theProblems of Voluntary Turnover and the Strategies. Answer: Introduction A work relationship should maintain mutual agreement and interests to the parties involved at all times. These healthy interactions between the stakeholders ensure for a long term association in a place of work with less problems. However, sometimes an employee might decide to terminate his or her association with a certain organization for different reasons, which is called voluntary turnover. There are different reasons that could motivate an employee to voluntarily turnover, including dissatisfaction at work or better chances outside. In the event that an employee has left his duties out of good will, then it leaves the organization with some impact (Tanova 2008). Employee turnover is a trend that has resulted in negative impacts to the organization affected. An organization ends up facing increased expenditure, difficult in handling and developing new employees, a negative brand image and overall reduced performance. The success of an organization fully depends on its employees to deliver great services in consideration to their skills and experiences. Companies with focused and contented workers perform better because they give employees are able to give their best at work. Success comes when all the parties are getting what they need to motivate them towards achieving the goals of an organization (Crossley 2007). An organization usually needs to improve its employee strategies and programs to the extent that they can maintain their most valuable workers. Some of the ways to ensure long term working relationships with employees is to recruit the right team, putting more consideration into the benefits and considerations of employees, offer rewards for good work done, create new opportunities for growth and offer a positive working environment. Reasons for voluntary turnover Mismatch of skills and job People do not always get the jobs they had wished for in their dreams and career development. When such like a situation occurs, people might find themselves in need for career change and hence end up quitting their jobs and terminating their contracts before maturity. Some of the main reasons that might lead to such like actions include a mismatch between the job requirements and the skills and experiences of an employee (Zimmerman 2009.). An individual might have the required skills and knowledge in the sales and marketing sector but then acquire a position in the information technology department. He or she might be trained on the new job and get the basics but his or her skills lies somewhere else. Only an employee trained in a certain sector can deal with complex situations when they occur in the process of operation(Sturges 2005.). It is therefore challenging and stressful for one to hold the wrong position which might later on lead to turnover. In case a job that covers that e mployee specialty, they will not hesitate to quite their current job and enter into their field. Organizations progress Stagnant growth of a company might lead to some employees opting to go look for opportunities elsewhere in the name of new opportunities and openings. The major purpose of the human resource department is to ensure that the company can improve its current state and advance. If an organization stays in the same position for years, then the employees usually feel less motivated. They want to see ne project coming up, new clients, new opportunities and exposure for them. If there are no such developments, then it is easier for them to opt for other options that give them a better chance to do more. Organizational instability also closely relates in this case as everyone wants to feel safe with their source of income and career path (Lee 2004. ). If an organization shows some signs of failure like unable to pay debts and make good profits, then employees will look for jobs in a more secure environment. Management Poor management is also one of the reasons that lead to instability in the human resource department. If the leadership of the organization is less focused on the needs of its employees, then it is difficult to keep them on track (Nelson 2012). A worker feels comfortable and satisfied if the management system emphasizes on activities that develop his or her ability to produce better. Some of the issues lacking in the organization might be less focus on employee motivation activities. An organization might get stuck focusing on external issues like the market and end up neglecting their employee management programs. At this moment, employees starts feeling neglected and may consider options offered to them in other organizations or field as well. The workload might just be too much for an employee to handle making them move so as to balance their lives with work. Sometimes companies are faced with crises in such a way that they have limited time and a lot of duties to perform (Miller 2006). In this situation, they end up overloading their current workers because of escaping hiring costs. Since there may not be allowances in addition to the work, then some employees might feel overworked and decide to leave. These reasons and many others encourage employees quit their jobs in search for better and more fulfilling opportunities. Problems of Voluntary turnover Employees are an important stakeholder when it comes to the success or failure of a certain organization. They sudden departure might therefore leave the firm on the face of very challenging situations. Increased expenditure Any business organization has set regulations that govern the process of their operations especially when dealing with workers. In the cases of employee turnover, then the company is left at a bad state of financial spending. Any employee is entitled to a certain amount of compensation when their contract is terminated before due time for whatever reason (Hewlett 2008). So the first thing that the company should do is to obey the terms and conditions of their contracts and compensate for their outgoing worker. Then now they have to recruit a new replacement to occupy the vacant position as it is usually hard to have an already existing employee to cover for the position. They might do so for sometime but if it is a technical area that requires specialized skills, then a new replacement must be hired. There is a lot of expenditure including advertising for the job and conducting interviews, examinations and probations for the new staff member (Tanova 2008. ). Once they have selected t he candidate, they then spend more funds training them of their new job duties and requirements. The whole process until an organization attains a new qualified individual for the vacant position involves a lot of expenditure. Dealing with new employees Most of the times, a new employee can never compare with the precious one in terms of the way they conduct their duties in their specialty. The employee who occupied the position earlier had the full overview of the environment of work and could understand things better. When they leave, they then carry the knowledge and the experience with them leaving the company deprived. New employees are therefore hard to deal with as they know less about the focus and deeper details of the organization. It is only fair if they are given time to adapt to their new work environment so as to perform better (Miller 2006). During this waiting period, the organization experiences reduced growth rates in terms of their particular department that holds a new professional. The impact depends on the kind of department that is affected as others like finance; marketing and many more might have the greatest impact. With new personnel, it is hard to establish and determine their level of loyalty to work for the interest of the company (Lee 2004.). The best way to know whether an individual is loyal is by observing their behavior over a prolonged period of time to understand their stand. Most new employees might be unable to lead the organization towards the right direction and therefore require supervision all the time which is money and time consuming. Employee development It is important for every organization to set plans that focus on developing the skills, experience and personal development of their workers. Most companies invest a lot of time in these programs to ensure that their employees feel much motivated in readiness to the performance of their specified duties(Bendapudi 2002. ). In such like circumstances, voluntary turnover translates to a waste of resources on the employees who have left their jobs (Hewlett 2008). The skills they had acquired during their time at the company is all wasted as they go to work for another organization. The new employee on the other hand is not experienced in the business environment and therefore needs just as much exposure like the rest of the employees. In a situation when they are recent graduates, it becomes even harder to initiate some programs as they have been used to the theoretical world of the job rather than the practical side. Most of the times an organization might prefer to postpone the activi ties to save resources and give an individual time to learn from the rest. Negative brand image Depending on the reasons for the voluntary turnover, the companys reputation might be negatively affected which reduces its position in the market. If the employees leave because of poor management or instability, They could spread rumors to the public about the weaknesses of the organization they were working for. Once an organization has been concerned with significant internal problems, all sorts of research and investigation starts to knock on the door. Lending financial institutions and government cooperations benefiting from the firms operations will start investigating on the issue to find out the truth (Tanova 2008. ). During this time, the other competitive firms use the issue to get better in the market by investing in negative campaigns. Investors, creditors, suppliers and even consumers might start to withdraw from the firm due to the claims of instability (Maertz Jr 2004). A weak brand name destroys the companys future plans and the ability to stay on top of the competit ion in the market. Voluntary turnover might therefore have the most negative impact on an organizations progress. Strategies to maintain Employees As discussed earlier, there are great challenges that might come with voluntary turnover of employees and therefore companies should ensure that they do all the things possible to keep maintain a long term relationship with their workers. Some of the ways include: Recruiting the right team The best strategy of maintaining employees is by hiring the right kind of personnel to ensure or job satisfaction. The recruiting process should be thorough in such a way that they match the skills of the applicant with their knowledge, experience interest and the job on offer. It should also be crucial to relate all of the information obtained to ensure that they will be versatile with the organizations culture. Compensations and employee benefit The management should include the important aspects of offering the compensations to their workers according to the recent laws to improve their competitive advantage. It is easier for an employee to move to another organization due to the benefits offered. Some of these includes health and education benefits to the workers and their families according to the registered benefit plans (Holtom 2005). Appreciation and employee motivation Most individuals are motivated to stay in a company giving their best knowledge and skills if they are appreciated for the good work done. A profit making business should keep track of all their departments to ensure that they all perform well. They can establish the ones with the highest influence on the companys success and reward the individuals involved. In this way, they will be motivated to produce better and those in other departments will be willing to work hard so as to receive praise and appreciation (Nelson 2012). Most employees get tired of tirelessly working hard, bringing success to a business and yet get treated just like everyone else. They therefore require recognition and appreciation to keep them focused on the main goal of the organization (Hewlett 2008). Through rewards, an organization is able to maintain the loyalty of their workers and encourage them to keep working. New opportunities and growth Any firm should be focused on growing and expanding its territories to ensure that they open new business opportunities for their operations. Employees they open new business opportunities for their operations. Employees like new exposures that give them more experience with their jobs and the markets as well. If an organization meets new partners and comes up with new ideas, then it gives their employees a chance to interact with new people inside and outside their areas of specification (Baruch 2006) Employees leave mostly because they are looking for exposure and therefore if a company can provide all that, they are more likely to stay. The company should give their workers a chance to practice their newly acquired skills in different fields to advance their ability to explore. Offer positive work environment The stability and comfort of an employee comes with the type of environment provided to them in their places of work. The environment includes the physical aspects like space, natural view, social and diversity interactions and emotional aspects (Maertz Jr 2004). To ensure for appropriate working, any organization should invest highly to provide their workers with the best environment that enables them perform best. Spacious and well ventilated offices or studios are important in ensuring that the employees can enjoy privacy and effective working area. (Collins 2003). They are motivated by the ability to work without having to squeeze their operations in smaller suffocated spaces. The social interaction between the employer and management with the employees also opts to be healthy to ensure for proper working relations. The managers should try their best to recognize diversity so as to accommodate people from all cultures, religions and political divides (Hewlett 2008). They should a lso work towards developing the emotional intelligence of the workers to ensure that they have stable emotional affiliations to work better. All these ways can help maintain the employees for a long term working relationship. Conclusion Voluntary turnover is a significant event in any organization that requires proper strategies to address. There are many reasons that might force an individual worker to leave their job including lack or motivation, stability and appreciation. The problems that come as a result are increased costs of acquiring new workers and developing them into being efficient and loyal to the organization. However the organization can deal with voluntary turnover by appreciating the employees and giving them a chance to grow in a healthy environment. If an organization is following the employment laws and putting their workers first, then it is possible to maintain a long term relationship with employees. References Baruch, Y, 2006, 'Career development in organizations and beyond: Balancing traditional and contemporary viewpoints.', Human resource management review, pp. 16(2), pp.125-138. Bendapudi, NALRP, 2002. , 'Managing business-to-business customer relationships following key contact employee turnover in a vendor firm. ', Journal of Marketing, pp. 66(2), pp.83-101. Collins, CJACKD, 2003, 'Strategic human resource practices, top management team social networks, and firm performance: The role of human resource practices in creating organizational competitive advantage. ', Academy of management Journa, p. 46(6). Crossley, CD,BRJ,JSMABJL, 2007, 'Development of a global measure of job embeddedness and integration into a traditional model of voluntary turnover. ', Journal of Applied Psychology, pp. 92(4), p.1031. Hewlett, SA, 2008, 'Off-ramps and on-ramps: Keeping talented women on the road to success.', Human Resource Management International Digest, p. 16(2). Holtom, BC,MTR,LTWAIEJ, 2005, 'Shocks as causes of turnover: What they are and how organizations can manage them. ', Human resource management, pp. 44(3), pp.337-352. Lee, TW,MTR,SCJ,BJPAHBC, 2004. , 'The effects of job embeddedness on organizational citizenship, job performance, volitional absences, and voluntary turnover. ', Academy of Management Journal, pp. 47(5), pp.711-7. Maertz Jr, CPAGRW, 2004, 'Eight motivational forces and voluntary turnover: A theoretical synthesis with implications for research. ', Journal of Management, pp. 30(5), pp.667-683. Miller, BC, 2006, Keeping employees accountable for results: quick tips for busy managers. , AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Nelson, B, 2012, 1501 ways to reward employees. , Workman Publishing. Ongori, H, 2007., A review of the literature on employee turnover. Sturges, J,CN,GDALA, 2005., 'Managing the career deal: The psychological contract as a framework for understanding career management, organizational commitment and work behavior. ', Journal of Organizational Behavior, , pp. 26(7), pp. Tanova, CAHBC, 2008. , 'Using job embeddedness factors to explain voluntary turnover in four European countries. ', The International Journal of Human Resource Management, , pp. 19(9), pp.1553-1568. Zimmerman, RDADTC, 2009., 'The impact of job performance on employee turnover intentions and the voluntary turnover process: A meta-analysis and path model. ', Personnel Review, , pp. 38(2), pp.142-158.

Character Essay Samples

Character Essay SamplesCharacter essay samples are generally short, and they are not so much the application of a character idea or theme. Character essay samples can be in the form of stories, chapters, or poems. The purpose of these essays is to illustrate that person's development from the point of view of the reader.Writing a character essay samples is usually made easy when the person understands the purpose of the assignment. They are often assigned by faculty or by fellow students as a way of letting them know what you are doing in class. Because you are writing as the person who is reviewing your work, you should always be honest with yourself and show the benefits that you got from this assignment. When you have a problem with your essay, simply reread it to make sure that you are still expressing the real character of the character you are describing.A character essay sample is not your only solution for writing a character essay. You can also make use of one of the other e ssay formats. These can include a general essay, a seminar based on a single character, or an essay based on a set of characters. The general form is for the assignment of how your character evolved from beginning to end. Here, you would describe how the character changed throughout the course of the story.Another format is one based on a single character. Here, you would be writing about a single character in a sequence of events. Such essays can be very revealing, and you need to keep in mind that many students get involved in such assignments to give their classmates something to read in their written assignments.In a seminar-based essay, the class will make a list of the student's assignments and readings for the semester. This means that each of the students will write an essay on a particular subject. The essays would cover the concepts of the semester, such as history, economics, literature, or science. Since the essays will relate to one another, you can select those you thi nk will apply to your own characters.The essay types can actually be grouped into two groups. One is a style used by a person trying to prove something. This includes arguments that appear as though they came out of a writer's hand. The other is a style used by a writer who wants to demonstrate their skill as a storyteller. Here, they are more open about the problem they are trying to solve, such as the plot or the characters' development.When you are making an essay, the best thing to do is let the essay stands on its own. It is helpful to find out what types of essays are typically given out, and then think about how you can express the traits that you want to convey in your essay. In fact, you might want to read up on the traits of your character. You may want to do this to further develop your character and show how your character has grown over time.

Analysis of Variance

US Use of EMF Weapons Devices on humans

US Use of EMF Weapons Devices on humans Introduction In the modern world, the US has the capability of utilizing electromagnetic (EMF) devices to harass, terrorize and execute human life. There is an ongoing government funded research to strength the use of such weapons, which raises concerns of human rights and freedom. The project was set up in 1950s by the CIA to influence human cognition, feeling and conduct.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on US Use of EMF Weapons Devices on humans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By applying psychological understanding of individuals as social animal, the government of US has been funding studies aiming at controlling human behavior in the best ways possible. Human behavior can be maneuvered through segregation, drugs and hypnosis. The government has been funding researches such as application of wireless controlled electromagnetic energy. Such strategies are termed as information fighting and Non-lethal arma ments. The new technology aims at manipulating human feelings, interrupting thought and presenting agonizing twinge using magnetic fields. The government therefore has at its disposal some of the dangerous weapons that have already been used in suppressing human life. The weapons are usually used in quelling violence that could cause mass destruction, as well as lose life and property. The issue of human rights is an all-inclusive concept that every person in society must be granted. The use of such weapons violates the rights of some individuals because other means of solving conflicts in society exist. By signing the Military Commission Act of 2006, the US government through the congress aimed at denying people their rights and freedoms. The 2006 Act elucidates that the state has the authority and power to utilize electromagnetic weapons in torturing an individual perceived by the president to be a terrorist or associated with terrorism. The provision actually violates the constit utional right of an individual provided in the independence constitution. This paper analyses the effectiveness of the policy by looking at its strengths and weaknesses. The paper finally evaluates the rationale behind the use of the new technology in the US. Human Rights Individual rights are usually incompatible with state sovereignty but the constitution at independence identified that some rights are innate in an individual and that they could not be separated from an individual. Such rights include the right to liberty, life and the right to pursue pleasure. The state should therefore strive to offer these rights without compromise. In 1948, the United Nations declared the universal rights contained in chapter ten and five. The US government endorsed the rights and further incorporated them into the national laws. The charter provides that human beings have inherent rights that should always be given without concession. Such rights include various fundamental freedoms, justice and worldwide tranquility.Advertising Looking for critical writing on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The laws have been in operation for over six decades meaning that the US should respect them or consider them whenever designing national laws. Article ten of the UN constitution on human rights asserts that each individual is entitled to full egalitarianism and reasonable public trial by a sovereign and unbiased court in the deliberation of his/her rights and duties (Ignatieff 34). Furthermore, article five proscribes torment or unkind, brutal or humiliating treatment or castigation. The 2006 Military Commissions Act goes against all these provisions. The US government allowed the passage of the bill meaning that individual liberty and freedoms are no longer recognized in the state. On the other hand, the Universal Declaration of Human rights continue to assert that each individual has the right to freed om of thinking and freedom of expression, as well as attitude. This implies that each person has the right of giving his or her views voluntarily that is, without intimidation or being forced. The introduction and application of EMF weapons endangers this fundamental right. Freedom of thinking or cognitive independence is the natural right of each individual. This implies that an individual should perceive the world in his/her best understanding that is, without external interruption or influence. Each person has his/her own way of reasoning. We all have different orientations and perceptions to the world. The use of EMF weapons is a threat to human life and freedoms according to human rights groups. Use of EMF in extracting information from an individual is egregious human rights felony. Forceful extraction of information is illegal and in most cases inaccurate. An individual may be forced to give false information just because he/she is in pain. Such information is not useful at a ll because it does not have any theoretical grounding. Voluntary data is usually accurate and more applicable because it is usually ordered in a logical way. Human rights activists argue that EMF weapons are not used to fulfill the interests of Americans. Military elites set out to dominate the world after the Second World War without considering the interests and wishes of the majority in the state. The new technology is used to safeguard the interests of the ruling elites in many ways. Demonstrating workers and other aggrieved parties in the labor market are usually subjected to unnecessary torture only to satisfy the bourgeoisie (Landman 89). Those suspected to have engaged in property crime are also taken through pain in order to make them agree with the rules and regulations set by the ruling class. Furthermore, the activists continue to observe that victims of torture are people from particular races and social classes.Advertising We will write a custom critical writin g sample on US Use of EMF Weapons Devices on humans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The bill serves to deny some people their right to equality. Individuals from the Middle East have no peace in the US because their movements are trailed always. They are usually suspected to be having hidden agendas, which exposes them to torture and unfair treatment. The state must come up with a different way or technique of identifying criminals instead of relying on cultural background of individuals. State Sovereignty As noted earlier, state sovereignty is incompatible with individual sovereignty. The interests of the state are superior to the desires and wishes of an individual because the state aims at fulfilling the public good. In this way, use of EMF weapons is justified and allowed because of state security and the nature of the international system. Terrorism and the rise of fundamentalism call for extra ordinary measures in case the state is to maintain its sovereignty (Paleri 115). The existence of the law frustrates the activities of extremist groups because relevant information is easily obtained through torture. All through history, there are times that the only language a man understands is violence. The use of brutal techniques in solving conflicts is valid due to the intrinsic nature of a human being. Man is inherently brutal, anarchic and self-centered. The existence of the central authority serves to control the individual self-interests. Such interests are always controversial and may pose a threat to life. As noted by early scholars, the society was on fire implying that life was short lived and indecent before the invention of the state. This forced individuals to sign a contract that would guarantee peace and harmony. The contract gave powers to one central authority, referred to as the state. The central authority or Leviathan as Hobbes could document, would have powers to exercise authority over individuals . Individuals on their part surrendered power to the Leviathan mainly to achieve greatness (Haftendorn 519). The state has a prime role of protecting the interests of the society because it is the custodian of the public welfare. Therefore, the state is authorized to use techniques such as trickery, negotiation, murder and any other available method, whether good or bad to maintain peace. It is not surprising for the state to use EMF weapons to execute its duties. In other words, it means that the Leviathan cannot share its powers with any other entity in society. Furthermore, it has powers granted to it by the majority to control life and property Conclusion The use of EMF weapons is justifiable and the state should come up with ways of strengthening its application. The existing international system is anarchic and tension full implying that the state must explore all possibilities and arrive at the best solution.Advertising Looking for critical writing on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This would require neglecting individual sovereignty because it is incompatible with state sovereignty in real practice. It is also established that man is intrinsically brutal and full of conflicts hence application of one technique in extracting important information from him would not function. The state would lose its hegemonic powers in the international system in case human rights considerations are taken seriously. Treating criminals or suspects softly would comprise state security meaning that force is the only viable technique. Strategists in the military borrow from psychology the idea that pain forces the brain to expose everything in it. Overall, much needs to be done to improve the use of EMF weapons in maintaining state security. Haftendorn, Helga. The Security Puzzle: Theory-Building and Discipline-Building in International Security. International Studies Quarterly, 35.1, 1991. Ignatieff, Michael. Human rights as politics and idolatry. 3rd ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeto n University Press, 2001. Landman, Todd. Studying Human Rights. London: Routledge, 2006. Paleri, Prabhakaran. National Security: Imperatives and Challenges. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.