Do You Believe in Love at First Sight Do You Believe in Love at First Sight ?

â€Å"Do you believe in love at first sight ? Or .. um .. should I walk by again ? â€Å" Blush .. Blush .. Well , Ladies and gentlemen ! Honestly , even If I keep walking past you in ‘circles’ , you won’t fall in â€Å"love† with me . Yes , you might have a crush on me , my presence may cause a powerful infatuation , but it would not , my friends , be love †¦ To all those who immediately got those contradicting thoughts in their minds , Ladies and Gentlemen ! I speak †¦ of experience . . . 22nd October 2010 â€Å"Omg ! Omg ! Omg ! Did you See him † â€Å"Umm .. Who? † â€Å"That guy!!The one with the deep black eyes !! † â€Å"Uh well   Fatima , most boys here have ‘black’ eyes .. And secondly , we’re here for academic purposes .. not for mating ! † â€Å"I know , But .. but †¦ Omg ! He’s so .. so hawwtt ! I mean , so attractive .. so beautiful .. He’s , he’s like a d ream come alive , incredible †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Woaaahh ! Wait , wait a minute ! Who is this guy ? † â€Å"The one , the one that just passed by us !! † â€Å"Umm †¦ ? † â€Å"The one with the light spikes†¦ ? â€Å" â€Å" Ughh , I dunno .. well common Fatima , I think we should get back to work †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢   Ã¢â‚¬Å"But .. †¦ †¦ †¦ †Three days Later â€Å"Fatima !! FATIMA ! WHAT . IS . THE . CHEMICAL FORMUALE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE !! â€Å"      Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Oh , Yes sir ? †¦ Sorry sir †¦ I dunno †¦. â€Å" â€Å"Out Of the Class !! † Later that day â€Å"Fatima , you were Actually day dreaming in the â€Å"Chemistry class â€Å" ! What were you thinking !? † â€Å"Umm .. you know , about Arham â€Å" â€Å"Arhum ? Who Arhum ? † â€Å"The .. the guy , the one I told you about the other day †¦ ’   Ã¢â‚¬Å"What ?! You were actually serious about him ? You don’t even know him ! And .. How do you know his name ? † â€Å"Yes ofcourse I was serious ! You don’t know .. e’s the one I’ve been waiting for .. My soullmate †¦ I know , God created us a pair .. I .. I just know . And Pluss , I spent 5 hours on facebook searching   and finally I found him !! I’ll send you the link !! † â€Å"Whaaaaaaaaaaaat?! Well , I think that’s stupidiy .. I mean .. I dunno †¦ Anyways , did you send him a friend request ? † â€Å"No, I didn’t †¦. Boys ask out girls first . † â€Å"But he doesn’t even know you !!! † â€Å"He does ! I’m sure we’re bonded . he’ll come to me one day . † â€Å"So what are you gonna do till then †¦ Day dream ? Listen to slow romantic songs?Smile in solitude like a freak? Or .. † â€Å"Enoughh! !! That’s it ! Lets go now .. â€Å" It continued like that †¦ Arh am played in my mind like a symphony . I felt my heart beat like â€Å" Arham †¦ Arhum †¦ Arhum †¦ Until , two weeks later , my friend told me : â€Å"Fatima ! Did you see Arhum’s display picture on facebook ? : â€Å"Omg ! No I didn’t , we were out yesterday ! â€Å" â€Å"You know what ? He was holding hands with this girl and there was an edited heart over it† â€Å"What †¦ ? †¦ †¦ .. She must be his cousin †¦ I know .. he’s not like that â€Å" â€Å"Cummon Fatima ! Use your senses ! † â€Å"No!You know when I looked at him †¦ O could see the purity , the decency in him .. He’s a good boy â€Å" â€Å"Well .!! You’re Impossible †¦ ! † With the passage of time and my , I guiltily say â€Å" desperate† condition , I came to know many facts about Arhum †¦ among which some of the slightly bad ones were that .. he smokes , he was once suspended for two days , umm à ¢â‚¬ ¦ he got just four D’s in his mocks and .. well , I had thought of censoring that one , but he’s the only , proud record holder of changing Seven genuine , pretty girlfriends in just grade ten .! At first , I defended his acts at my best .However it was only a matter of time before I came familiar to the devilish character underneath that sweet , angelic face . On the upcoming school gathering , miraculously , I locked eyes with Arhum the second time in my life   Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ who was enjoying the company of yet , another girl . I felt hatred run through my body †¦ Those eyes .. the ones which once struck me blind now appeared to be the eyes of the   Satan itself . His spikes , well now he looked as if he had suffered an electric shock . In my mind , I cursed him in â€Å"Four† different languages .So what became of the love I felt , eh? The la la la melody which made me dance in front of my mirror .. Well , you know what guys ? The feeling went as quick ly as it had come .. The â€Å"love† we call is more like a seasonal virus , or should I say more like dengue . This is where I say , I do not believe in love at first sight ! So , for God’s sake , please do not fall for   those falling pants , and yeah , those mascara and kajal clad eyes . It was my responsibility to warn you and now that I have , thankyou and goodbye . Well , now excuseme ladies and ‘not so gentle’men .! (:

Gerontology and Societal Mind Sets

A man's life is normally divided into five main stages namely infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age. In each of these stages an individual has to find himself in different situations and face different problems. The old age is not without problems. After a certain age health problems begin to crop up leading to losing control over one's body, even not recognizing own family owing to Alzheimer are common in old age. It is then children began to see their parents as burden.It is these parents who at times wander out of their homes or are thrown out. Some dump their old parents or grandparents in old-age homes and don't even come to visit them anymore. Focusing more on lack of work, lack of facilities for utilization of leisure time and a general feeling of loneliness â€Å"talking to walls†. The problem here did not seem to be lack of money but lack of time by the â€Å"others† for the older persons. †lack of emotional support† from family mem bers. Failing Health It has been said that â€Å"we start dying the day we are born†.The aging process is synonymous with failing health. Failing health due to advancing age is complicated by non-availability to good quality, age-sensitive, health care for a large proportion of older persons in the country. Vision – As people grow older their eyesight begins to fail making it difficult to certain jobs. Keeping medications straight – Old people suffer from memory loss, which causes lots of problems. e. g. (Keeping medicines straight) medical bills – Due to frequent illnesses and health complications, their medical bills are very high.Loneliness – It is sad that most old people spend their last years alone in a big empty house as their children and grandchildren are either abroad or in some other city. Getting along with others – Most people find it difficult to get along with others as they become stubborn, suspicious and unwilling to adapt t o change. Boredom – Being all alone and physically unable to do what they want to, old people generally feel very bored and wish for any diversion from the dull routine of their lives. The problem occurs due to forced inactivity, withdrawal from responsibilities and lack of personal goals.Isolation, or a deep sense of loneliness, is a common complaint of many elderly is the feeling of being isolated. Isolation is most often imposed purposefully or inadvertently by the families and/or communities where the elderly live. Isolation is a terrible feeling that, if not addressed, leads to tragic deterioration of the quality of life. Economic Insecurity- The problem of economic insecurity is faced by the elderly when they are unable to sustain themselves financially. Many older persons either lack the opportunity and/or the capacity to be as productive as they were.Increasing competition from younger people, individual, family and societal mind sets, chronic malnutrition and slowing physical and mental faculties, limited access to resources and lack of awareness of their rights and entitlements play significant roles in reducing the ability of the elderly to remain financially productive, and thereby, independent. Abuse-Mistreatment and abuse of the elderly is a major social problem. As expected, with the biology of aging, the elderly sometimes become physically frail.This frailty renders them dependent on others for care—sometimes for small needs like household tasks, and sometimes for assistance with basic functions like eating and toileting. The elderly are highly vulnerable to abuse, where a person is willfully or inadvertently harmed, usually by someone who is part of the family or otherwise close to the victim. It is very important that steps be taken, whenever and wherever possible, to protect people from abuse. In addition, the elderly may suffer from emotional and mental abuse for various reasons and in different ways. Ok I got some problems fa ced by the society 😀An old person does not have the physical ability of a young person. Walking can be an effort. Crossing a road can be impossible without assistance. On many occasions’ old men and old women who just could not cross a busy road that had no pedestrian crossing. No driver stopped for them. It is common to hear of old people being knocked down by vehicles on the roads. They just cannot handle the traffic anymore. This busy world is certainly not kind to old folks. Getting onto a bus is another. The old person is usually the last to get on, if he manages. Conductors telling the elderly to wait for the next bus because his bus was full.If the old man does get on, the likelihood is that he will have to stand, which does no good for his old bones. Rarely does anyone give up his seat for an old man, or old woman. In the old days, most people did not go very far from their birth-place and thus families usually stayed together. The family unit was strong and p ractical. Today the family unit is breaking apart as young men and women travel widely in search of better jobs. So the chances are that the old folks will be left alone and neglected. Sometimes they are not wanted by their children at all.The luckier ones may have a child or two staying with them. The less fortunate ones may have to pine their lives away in an old-folk home or in their empty house that once was filled with the sound of children’s laughter. This neglect is a very real problem in our society and it is what the old dread the most – being unwanted and uncared for in the time of need. There are other problems old folks face, but none can be as bad as the indifference and neglect of the young. The young have no time for the old even though the old have virtually no time left. Soon they will die and the young will take their place.

Mcd’s Current Strategy Essay

Do we have a contradiction here? †¢ Can we develop many successful segments, as many as McDonald’s would like, create a new image and having their main business continue to be burgers and fries? †¢ Is the CFO correct in assessing that the main business of the company is to compete with other burger companies? †¢ What do you think of the current suggested strategy that McDonald’s develop a healthy line because this will continue to attract people whose main demand is burgers and fries? †¢ Do you think that the current socio—economic demographics will continue to positively react to the McCafe’s? What would you suggests as strategies or main strategy for Mc? I dont think there is a contradiction in this case. In my opinion, we say it is a contradiction because McD company uses different strategy to different segments in the market. The company has been trying to build a new image of â€Å"healthy food† to go along the need of modern adults. On the other hand, however, the burgers and fries still take large pile of market. McD is well-known by there traditional products– burgers and fries and there is one thing that we have to admit is that many people order burgers and fries in McD because customers eating habit has been changed by McD. As far as I know, I think McD can sell their original products as well as doing more advertisements of those new and healthier food to appeal new customers. Since McD has been playing a very important role of domain people’s eating habit, I suppose that McD should develop more, or I say different, concept of healthy food. With specific stores selling different stuff then analyze which chain is better to suit modern people. So I agree with the CFO’s opinion. McD wants to be the NO.1 then it has to win in the market with other fast food companies. And to attract more customers is the point to gain more profit. To develop more healthy food, will definitely get more people to buy its stuff. As for the McCafe, lower price and better quality will be the motivation that people want to buy a cup of espresso in McC. But since there are more and more coffee companies already existed in the market, I suppose it might not be that positive to McC. Except for the price and quality, the service and the diversity of products are important too.

Sampling Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sampling Methods - Assignment Example For a health based proposal such as the one the researcher is currently working on, the population shall be made up of respondents from a hospital setting where the researcher shall have access to both care givers and service users. In this case, the care givers shall be nurses whiles the service users shall be the patients who receive care from the selected hospital. For a hospital as a research population site, there are certainly going to be a very large number of respondents that the researcher cannot interact with straight away. For this reason, a sampling method shall be instituted to select a hand-full of respondents. The sampling technique to be used shall be a purposive sampling technique. Generally, a purposive sampling technique is suitable for qualitative research as it offers the researcher the opportunity to select only a specified group of people whose description meet the variables set (Wolcott, 1994). Using a purposive sampling technique would ensure that the researc her does not interact with people whose presence may not be very meaningful to the research. The purposive sampling method shall be use by using the hospital folder of patients in an identified ward to select the best group of patients who meet the variables that will be outlined for the study. Commonly, purposive sampling is criticized for not guaranteeing internal validity because the researcher shall have some levels of manipulation of the respondents and could adjust the selection process to suit the hypothesis set (Trochim, 2006). This shall however be addressed by ensuring that an empirical data analysis technique is used. Ethical issues may also arise when respondents are forced to be part of the sample size once they are selected by researcher. This shall be addressed by ensuring that it is only respondents who express willingness to be part of the study shall be included.

The Italian Feminist Movement in the 1970s Research Paper

The Italian Feminist Movement in the 1970s - Research Paper Example An Italian Feminist Movement took place during the 1970s and this movement led to women being considered not only equal to men but also provided them with their right of choice (Torre 2010). The Italian Feminist movement did not just begin in the 1970s but it transpired through a series of events which had started years ago. One of the pioneers of this movement is considered to be Anna Maria Mozzoni, the founder of the League for the Advancement of Women’s Rights in 1881. She urged the women of Italy to fight for their own rights and not rely on the system. During her time, women did not come out of their homes due to discrimination and advancements and modernization had not laid their effects on Italy (Sarti 2004). At that time women still were speechless and did not have their own voice, and had to rely on the patriarchal symbolic framework, an underlined aspect of Italian culture. This was the aspect which was fought by numerous activists later to come such as Anna Kuliscio ff. She was a famous political activist who through her rebellion nature fought long and hard against the system. Becoming the first woman lecturer at Milan University, she argued against the male dominance in the Italian society. For Kuliscioff, Italian women needed to achieve freedom and equality by challenging the family system which led to an oppressive culture against women. She also fought against the Italian rules which did not allow the females to cast a vote. The entire movement against women oppression faced a setback with the rise of Fascism in Italy. The National Fascist Party was led by Benito Mussolini. Their ideology was led by the notion that considered women as mothers and wives. To fulfill the Fascist dream of creating a new Italy, it was a must that women perform their roles as child bearers. Females were sidelined in the political sector and they were not granted proper rights in their working organizations, as according to them the role of women was to concentra te on performing their duties as mothers. That is why in this era abortion and divorce were criminalized (Ancora et al2006). Union Donne Italiana (UDI) was formed in September 1944 by a coalition of women from the southern province which was at that time liberated by the Allies and from the women of anti-Fascist resistance movement. UDI struggled for the rights of women in the postwar period. After the war, women were enfranchised which was one of the most notable political gain for women. Women exercised their right to vote first time in 1946 elections. UDI started their weekly publication by the name of Noi Donne (We women). Although Noi Donne was influenced by Italian communist party, PCI,it did not lay emphasis on political issues and emphasized primarily on women’s work rights and their needs at home. In the 1970’s, a different and more aggressive group of feminists arose with a strong political orientation and set of beliefs. This was owing to the formation of Ne w Left, the student revolts in 1968-69, the changing values of personal freedom and gaining equal status in society, and the motivation of self-fulfillment. The new issues to be addressed now were family rights, divorce, birth control, abortion and sexual violence. The new feminist group which was profoundly focused on women autonomy in all its social relations appealed only to the radical feminists and left the traditional feminists and their political allies with

Specialised nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Specialised nursing - Essay Example The presentation of depression of people with autism, which is a pervasive developmental disorder, is coloured by the underlying disorder, considerably altering the manner in which it presents (Munden and Perry, 2002, 13). Nursing assessment, diagnostic process, care plan, and care delivery would thus be very complicated. The clinical presentation further complicates the already existing difficulties in communication. There is a necessity of increased nursing knowledge base to ensure people with autism receive a prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment (Stewart et al., 2006, 103-116). Mr. John has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of gastric cancer. Therefore, it is expected that he has presented in an advanced stage, where palliative surgery is the only means of treatment, and the outlook is poor. His understanding about his condition would be poor. The nurse who is left with his care has several challenges. Most important is his inability to communicate. The patient remains conscious about that, and as a result becomes anxious. The basis of nursing in his care would depend on social exchange between him and his nurse. However, the social impairment is extreme, leading to situations where his well-defined needs may fail to be adequately considered. The classical triad of impairments in him would be social relationship, social understanding, and imagination and social communication. These patients are often extremely anxious in an unfamiliar environment, and from that angle, admission to a hospital is a very difficult issue to deal with. The nurse must be aware of this fact, and the problem may be further aggravated by failure to communicate (Valente, 2004, 236-243). His advanced stage of gastric cancer needing palliative surgery places him in the need of palliative nursing care. Many autistic individuals need palliative care, and their care needs are different (Dell et al., 2008, 177-182). His palliative care need would need extra input from the nursing services. Palliative care is implemented for people with impending death, and being an autistic individual, his morbidity and mortality patterns, healthcare needs, presentation of symptoms, conceptualization of illness and death, and issues around education and training will be different. Palliative care has been defined as active total care for patients whose disease is unresponsive to curative management. The nursing goal is to achieve the best possible quality of life for both the patient and his family. Being autistic exerts limitations in adaptive skill areas, such as, communications, home living, skills in social relations, self-care, academic skills, concepts in health and safety, and leis ure and work. All these factors may influence his care (Tuffrey-Wijne, 2003, 55-57). The associated depression in this patient is another problem. Depression frequently coexists but is very difficult to identify, since many of these patients are noncommunicative. Behaviours may escalate or patients may shut down, where the nurses must rely on their interpretations of their behaviours and the environment. The nurse must be aware about this possibility. The presentation depends on the patient's age, level of intelligence, and level of verbal skills. There may be history of crying spells, sad affect, increasing aloofness or social withdrawal, and disturbance of sleep and

War on Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

War on Terrorism - Essay Example President Bush’s war on terrorism is counterproductive because it seems that the cost of freedom from terror is the freedom of privacy, It is questionable as to what the war on terrorism actually is. The Encyclopedia Britannica (n.d.) defined war as, â€Å"A conflict among political groups involving hostilities of considerable duration and magnitude† (War). Bush stated that war was declared on terrorism, but no specific countries or political groups were actually named in the declaration. The fact there were no specific guidelines set at the declaration of war has lead many to wonder if Bush’s war on terror is even legal. Now, in 2006, Bush’s continuing campaign leads many to wonder is this war on terrorism is to be a repeat of the Vietnam War. U.S. President Bush has utilized a series of legal loopholes and political strategies to keep a legally questionable war and freedom infringing policies going for almost 5 years. Lovinger and Scott (n.d.) stated that Bush’s war is illegal because: If so many aspects of Bush’s war on terrorism are illegal, how does he get away with it? Even though the Bush administration refers to its acts as part of the War on Terrorism, the campaign is not technically a war, but rather a Use of Force Resolution. The key difference in these two terms is the president’s ability to extend military force. In an article from Slate, Lithwick (2001) described the difference as, â€Å"While the wide-open wording of the joint resolution appears to give congressional approval to any act of war undertaken by President Bush, it contains several important checks on his powers† (What Sort of War, n. pag.). These checks were put in place to prevent a repeat of the Vietnam War by requiring the U.S. President to confer with Congress when implementing any new military actions. Before going into the details describing any negative impacts of the War on Terror, it is important to note that if there were no positive aspects, the U.S. would

Why do some parts of the world develop more quickly than others Research Paper

Why do some parts of the world develop more quickly than others - Research Paper Example The distribution of such resources as minerals and arable land thus made some regions advantaged over others thus become more developed. Man first relied on rain fed agriculture, most of the early civilizations relied on the trade of agricultural products. Such led to the development of market economies in different regions. Additionally, the subsequent development of both industrialization and urbanization followed the patterns of the availability of the natural resources. The environment is therefore an essential factor in analyzing the development rates of different regions thought the world. Diamond analyses the development pattern of the Eurasian society. He observes that the society was advantaged by the presence of suitable plant and animal species in their regions. The domestication of better animal and plant species facilitated the economic growth of the regions. Such regions as central Europe has no deserts implying that the region have cooler climates thereby enabling the domestication of stronger breeds of animals and better cash crops. With these, the societies pioneered the earliest civilization and the development of stronger market economies. Stronger economies facilitated the development of effective governments in the region to oversee the management of the resources thus facilitating the faster development of the Eurasian regions. Diamond further compares the rate of development in Europe to other Eurasian regions such as China and other parts of the Eastern bloc. The European regions had numerous natural features that enabled the establishment of boundaries. Such included rivers, mountains and other large water bodies including lakes and oceans. The presence of such geographical factors enabled the creation of smaller territories, which are easier to manage. Countries in the Eastern bloc such as China, India and Japan among others are larger with bigger populations. These are unlike the European countries that are smaller owing to the

Conclusion of this article (Job satisfaction) Essay

Conclusion of this article (Job satisfaction) - Essay Example Furthermore, only 60% of the respondents believe that their organization's policies and procedures make sense. Many are unsure as to whether diversity increases productivity, innovation, and job satisfaction. Our study reveals alarmingly that other than for race, other dimensions of diversity are not well managed in the organizations that we administer the questionnaires. This has a number of implications for management. Management's efforts in implementing race diversity are confirmed in this study. However, they cannot rest on their laurels just yet, as there is still much to do on gender, age, religion, and sexual orientation. Perhaps, companies can follow the best practices of companies such as International Business Machines Corporations and Hewlett Packard, who have ranked top in numerous employee satisfaction surveys. They can implement women friendly policies, such as setting up in-house child-care centers, telecommunication, or job sharing, where two persons work on the same position.

Managing Growth Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Growth Assignment - Essay Example apitalizing on supplier discount and reducing the inventory because most of long-term assets are inflexible and may â€Å"lock in† small companies operations in terms of finance and this has serious consequences on the company’s returns considering their small working capital. Considering that income statement basically looks at revenue, expenses and profit or loss made, balance sheet will assist in tracking changes in sales revenue and expenses along the three phases in a simulation of 10 years and indicate the financial condition of the company in each phase. This will help business managers to explain to the business lenders and every investors interested to have their shares in the company how adapted new mechanisms such as effectiveness of advertising methods to attract new customers, increase in customers discounts such as after-sale services has changed sales and expenses that reciprocate a change in assets and liabilities of the business. This information once put in inventory records will help business lenders and shareowners understand the effects in order to assess the health of the business. Therefore, when the company has a positive financial statement, there is an expectation of increase in working capital resulting from increase in net wort h of the company that attract more business lenders and shareowners who become confident of going deep into their pockets to invest to a company with favorable net worth. This will help to optimize on external credit provided by business lenders and shareowners to expand business operations in order to increase profit which is the core objective of every business enterprise (Scott, 2005). The purpose of considering taking opportunities that will enable a small business to win many new customers, capitalize on suppliers discount and reducing inventory is because these are transactions that often affects the cash flow of a business and are neither reported in the income statement nor balance sheet but are

Maria Montessori Language Arts Rationale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maria Montessori Language Arts Rationale - Essay Example A child learns to listen by hearing the various sounds that the adults around him and also learns to speak by imitating the various sounds that the adults make around him.as Maria Montessori said: There are three main areas where children are prepared for reading and writing. The first is physical skills where a child learns to balance using their hands and coordination of the hand and the eye works. The child also learns to concentrate and focus on the practical issues of life, recognizing sizes and shapes, working with paints, crayons, pencils and practice in talking. The second skill that a child learns is the mental skills where the child learns to absorb and how to use language and how to learn the sounds that each letter of the alphabet makes. This can be made easy by playing games to break up words into sounds (Montessori, 2010). The third skills are the social skills where people living in homes sit down and have conversations instead of watching the television or using the computer to learn language. A directress would know that a child is ready to learn a sound if they try to repeat what has been said to them by an adult around them. The child will also be making sounds on their own that they have heard before. Sounds are taught to children by repeating the sounds over and over until the child is able to differentiate it from other sounds. In learning the different sounds, he child is taught the various sounds of the different letters of the alphabet. There are different rules for the letters and children are very receptive towards rules. Therefore, they are first taught the rules than the different sounds of the letters of the alphabet (Montessori, 1909). The child is taught the phonetic words first and once they have mastered the phonetic part of the alphabets, they are next taught the non-phonetic part of the language where there are no rules whatsoever. A child learns to blend sounds by learning the individual

Definition of SWOT Analysis Essay Example for Free

Definition of SWOT Analysis Essay In Human Resource Management SWOT analysis refers to a useful tool by identifying advantage or disadvantage of a company. Also help company thoroughly evaluating pros and cons before formulating its development strategies. Each letter in â€Å"SWOT† stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats respectively. In this four points, â€Å"S† and â€Å"W† are internal factors that a company can do such as capacity and human resources. O and T, however, are external factors which a company may do such as laws and different culture. This method focuses on their own actual strengths of an enterprise as well as comparison with competitors. Therefore, this serious tool can help to decrease difficulties in corporate decision-making and make a more clearly human resource planning. But how we process a SWOT analysis? Firstly, make use of a variety of survey research methods in order to analyze various environmental factors including internal and external factors according to history and current situations of an organization. Secondly, list the investigation result ordered by importance level. At last, take four dimensions in the SWOT analysis into account, in this way we can build a SWOT matrix. For example, Haier, a famous multi-national enterprise that produce household appliance such as TV, refrigerator, washing machine and so on. The following diagram is a typical SWOT analysis for Haier.

Retained Earnings and Share Price Relationship in Pakistan

Retained Earnings and Share Price Relationship in Pakistan The objective of this research paper is to study the relationship between retained earnings and share price in the Pakistan stock market. For analysis, a sample of 40 listed companies was taken from Karachi stock market. In this research, variables data was taken from the period of 2005-2008. Simple Linear Regression technique was used to analyze the relationship between share price and retained earnings. A positive relation was found between retained earning and stock price. This paper supports the fact that retained earning is relevant in determining share price for a sample of firms listed in the Karachi Stock Exchange. As far as my knowledge is concerned, this paper is first to show that corporate earnings is a key driver of stock price change in the Pakistan. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Overview: Earnings and dividends occupied an important role in financial accounting research and finance. It is the most extensively accepted measure of firm performance. Attention was also given to earnings because it is commonly used in evaluating management performance. Perhaps the biggest reason for the attraction to earnings, though, lies with the notion that retained earnings serves as a predictor of future cash flows. Many theories have represented that the accrual earnings represents the best predictor and of future cash flows than the historical cash flows. A companys existence depends on its ability to make positive cash flows, and research confirmed that share price directly related to an entitys cash flow prediction. Thus, because earnings of the company are viewed as a key determinant of share price. Mary, Cram and Nelson (2001) found that the systematic ability of earnings can be improved when disaggregated into its major accrual components. One of the components was sales revenu e, which unpredictably ignored in the literature as a predictor of share price. The degree of relationship of earnings and cash flow, sales with share price was a aim of this study. Empirical studies indicate that when share prices are related to the current dividends and retained earnings, higher dividends are associated with higher price earning ratio. Graham and Dood assert that the impact of dividend on price is four times that of retained earnings; moreover, the studies of Myron Gorden, David Durand and others indicate that dividend multiplier is several times the retained earning multiplier. A very recent study on this topic has been done by Friend and Puckett for USA they concluded that in general, there is little basis for the view that dividends have an impact on price which is several times that of retained earnings. A firms ability to generate cash flow affects the value of its securities, so the ability to assess future cash flow was important for the investment communit y, both shareholders and creditors. While shareholders may be concerned with the stream of cash flows to perpetuity, many creditors were concerned solely the short term cash generating ability of a company. Problem statement: To investigate the Impact of Retained Earnings, Dividends on Share Price. Hypothesis H1: There is a positive relationship between Retained Earnings and Share Prices. Outline of the Study: Next section 2 is Literature review, section 3, methodology and data collection, section 4 results and summary, section 5 conclusion remarks Definition Retained earnings refers to the portion of net income which is kept by the companies rather than distributed to its owners as dividends. CHAPTER: 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The study relates to examine the relationship of earning with share price. When conservative accounting practices are observed by firms, the quality of its earnings can be affected by the changes in the amount of its investments. Increase in investment decreases reported earnings and creates reserves. Dropping investment releases those reserves and earnings increase. If there is temporary change in investment then earnings are depressed or inflate temporarily, it means that investment is not a fine indicator of future earnings. This paper contributes to the research on how the quality of earnings is affected by accounting methods. We define the term to mean that reported earnings, before unusual items that are recognized on the income statement, is of good quality if it is a good sign of future earnings. Thus we consider good earnings to be sustainable earnings, as referred to in financial analysis (Mulford and Comiskey,1996). When an accounting treatment produces weak earnings, we consider those unsustainable earnings to be of poor quality. Changes in dividends informs the investors about the determination of past earnings changes. The determination of earnings is the extent to which an unpredicted change in earnings revises hope of future earnings for the periods in the same way as the unexpected change. This uncertainty about the of earnings is determined as later earnings announcements for following quarters provide additional information. Investors assessments of the persistence of past earnings can be revised by the change in dividends because the managers are unwilling to increase (decrease) dividends unless earnings increase (decrease) are determined. We examine whether investors recognize a change in dividends as a sign about the determination of past earnings changes by examining the statistical relation between the market reaction changes in dividends and recent past earnings changes. Healy and Palepus (1988) stated that dividend changes managers private information about future earnings changes. They found a positive relation between abnormal returns and following changes in earnings. Financial statement analysis advocates examining the accrual and cash basis components of current earnings for the purpose of predicting future earnings. The nature of the information contained in the cash basis and accrual and components of earnings and the degree to which this information is reflected in share prices. The results specify that earnings show attributable to the accrual component of earnings exhibits lower persistence than earnings show attributable to the cash basis component of earnings. The firms with comparatively high (low) levels of accruals experience negative (positive) future stock returns that are determined around future earnings announcements. Although there is unreliable evidence that stock prices respond positively to firms meeting expectations. We observe whether there is a market return to meeting current period earnings expectations, and whether any such return reflects the implications for following earnings of meeting expectations in the current period or shows a distinct market premium. It seems reasonable to say that there is a wide agreement that either favorable earnings or dividend announcements can persuade positive abnormal stock returns. The effect of earnings announcements on share price changes has been recognized by Ball and Brown, Foster, Watts and Rendleman et al. The effect of dividend announcement was first highlighted by Pettit. Miller and Scholes , in a study focused primarily on dividends and taxes as a result they found significant evidence of a dividend declaration effect. Figures of earnings can be manipulated by accounting practices, and so may be interpreted with uncertainty by the investment community (Kaplan and Roll ). Similarly, dividend declarations are only a crude way to communicate information to capital markets. While both dividend and earnings data have been shown to influence share performance that the capital market would be interested in the consistency by earnings and dividend announcements. This might show the way to a validation effect on share prices. Confirmation from a collection of studies shows that equity value is related to accounting earnings (e.g., Ball and Brown 1968; Barth et al. 1992). However, in more reasonable settings with market imperfections, accounting methods can provide complementary information about book value and earnings. Balance sheet information provides net worth of resources of the firm. These information are based mostly on historical market prices and is therefore mainly independent of the achievement with which the firm currently employs its resources. On the other hand earnings from the financial statement provide a measure of value which reflects that how much of the resources are being employed by the firm from this earnings. There is a relationship between insider trading and the information captured by annual earnings for a large sample of firms. Insider trading changes the annual unexpected earnings. Insider buying interactively confirms the positive information captured by unexpected positive earnings and this communication reduces the noise in unexpected earnings. The result with regard to the adverse information captured by the group with insider selling and negative unexpected earnings is similar but less prominent. The examination also suggests that insider buying and selling conveys information not fully captured by current earnings. From the Ball and Brown (1968) several studies have documented that unexpected changes in earnings are related with unexpected changes in firm. Their work recognize that market agents learn about earnings and valuation related events from many information sources throughout the year. The financial reports issued by companies are the output of a fairly complete measurement process which also involves some preventive recognition and valuation rules. Hence, annual accounting earnings, at the time of its declaration, may contain a summary of some of the information already communicated to the market by more timely non financial sources. Graham and Dood attempted to study the role of the factors which influence share prices of joint stock companies. One naturally feels that the price of the shares of a company at a point of time will be governed by its future growth potential and past earnings. The past earnings of the firm is measured by the dividends and the price will be determined by dividend payout. Future growth potential or the forthcoming earning of the firm is indicated by the current years retained earning; so, the price of the share at a point of time will be governed by the dividend and retained earnings of the firm. The studies indicate that when share prices are related to the retained earnings and current dividends, higher price earning ratio are associated with higher dividends. Graham and Dood assert that the impact of dividend declaration on share price is four times that of retained earnings. Several factors influence the fluctuations of share prices. Among them, corporate earnings stand greatest in the minds of speculators and investors. It is a common belief for many people that current earnings and prices of common stocks move in strongly related and that changes in current earnings largely explanation for the fluctuations of share prices. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS Retianed earning has significant influence on the determination of share prices. To that degree investment in shares show to be growth oriented. Graham and DL Dood ;(1934);Scurity Analysis, USA. The analysis utilized Simple Linear Regression. The most basic test involved regressing the dependent variable Share Prices against the independent variables Retained Earnings. This provided a basic test of the relationship between Share Prices and Retained Earnings. The following regression was adopted: y=a+bx where y is the value of the dependent scale variable Share Prices b is the value of the coefficient, x is the value of the predictor Retained Earnings a Constant The expectation was that the Retained Earnings would be positively related to Share Prices. That is, increases in retained earnings the firm will be associated with an increase in the firms stock price. By contrast, firms with relatively higher earnings volatility or higher leverage will tend to display higher price volatility. DATA All the firms that were listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2008 have been taken for the research purpose. The annual data of these firms were taken from the various issues of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Balance Sheet Analysisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? published by State Bank of Pakistan. Price data has been taken from the annual reports and other annual publications of Karachi Stock Exchange. Data of daily price were taken from the ZHV Securities Karachi. All of those firms taken into account which has no missing information of data of variable that was included in research. Sample size A sample of 38 companies of Textile Industry listed in Karachi stock exchange from the period of 200-2008. Research Model developed Y= a + bx SP= (constant) + RE Statistical Technique Simple Linear Regression was used. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA ANOVAb Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 13595.856 1 13595.856 21.319 .000a Residual 95659.112 150 637.727 Total 109254.968 151 a. Predictors: (Constant), Retained Earnings b. Dependent Variable: Share Prices The ANOVA Table suggested that Retained Earnings explained significant amount of the variance in the Share Price. In above in model table p

Communication Skills in Nursing | Reflection

Communication Skills in Nursing | Reflection This essay will present a reflective account of communication skills in practice whist undertaking assessment and history taking of two Intensive Care patients with a similar condition. It will endeavour to explore all aspects of non verbal and verbal communication styles and reflect upon these areas using Gibbs reflective cycle (1988). Scenario A Mrs James, 34, a passenger in a road traffic collision who was not wearing a seatbelt was thrown through the windscreen resulting in multiple facial wounds with extensive facial swelling which required her to be intubated and sedated. She currently has cervical spine immobilisation and is awaiting a secondary trauma CT. Mr James was also involved in the accident. Scenario B Mr James, 37, husband of Mrs James, the driver of the car, was wearing his seat belt. He had minor superficial facial wounds, fractured ribs and a fractured right arm. He is alert and orientated but currently breathless and requiring high oxygen concentrations. Patients who are admitted to Intensive Care are typically admitted due to serious ill health or trauma that may also have a potential to develop life threatening complications (Udwadia, 2005). These patients are usually unconscious, have limited movement and have sensation deprivation due to sedation and/or disease processes. These critical conditions rely upon modern technical support and invasive procedures for the purpose of monitoring and regulation of physiological functions. Having the ability to effectively communicate with patients, colleagues and their close relatives is a fundamental clinical skill in Intensive Care and central to a skilful nursing practice. Communication in Intensive Care is therefore of high importance (Elliot, 1999) to provide information and support to the critically ill patient in order to reduce their anxieties, stresses and preserve self identity, self esteem and reduce social isolation (Joà £o: 2009, Alasad: 2004, Newmarch:2006). Effective communic ation is the key to the collection of patient information, delivering quality of care and ensuring patient safety. Gaining a patients history is one of the most important skills in medicine and is a foundation for both the diagnosis and patient clinician relationship, and is increasingly being undertaken by nurses (Crumbie, 2006). Commonly a patient may be critically ill and therefore the ability to perform a timely assessment whilst being prepared to administer life saving treatment is crucial (Carr, 2005). Often the patient is transferred from a ward or department within the hospital where a comprehensive history has been taken with documentation of a full examination; investigations, working diagnosis and the appropriate treatment taken. However, the patients history may not have been collected on this admission if it was not appropriate to do so. Where available patients medical notes can provide essential information. In relation to the scenarios where the patient is breathless or the patient had a reduced conscious level and requires sedation and intubation, effective communication is restricted and obtaining a comprehensive history would be inappropriate and almost certainly unsafe (Carr, 2005). The Nursing Midwifery Council promotes the importance of keeping clear and accurate records within the Code: Standards of Conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives (NMC, 2008). Therefore if taking a patients history is unsafe to do so, this required to be documented. Breathing is a fundamental life process that usually occurs without conscious thought and, for the healthy person is taken for granted (Booker, 2004). In Scenario A, Mrs Jamess arrived on Intensive care and was intubated following her facial wounds and localised swelling. Facial trauma by its self is not a life threatening injury, although it has often been accompanied with other injuries such as traumatic brain injury and complications such as airway obstruction. This may have been caused by further swelling, bleeding or bone structure damage (Parks, 2003). Without an artificial airway and ventilatory support Mrs James would have struggled to breathe adequately and the potential to become in respiratory arrest. Within scenario B, Mr James had suffered multiple rib fractures causing difficulty in expansion of his lungs. Fractured ribs are amongst the most frequent of injuries sustained to the chest, accounting for over half of the thoracic injuries from non-penetrating trauma (Middle ton, 2003). When ribs are fractured due to the nature and site of the injury there is potential for underlying organ contusions and damage. The consequence of having a flail chest is pain. Painful expansion of the chest would result in inadequate ventilation of the lungs resulting in hypoxia and retention of secretions and the inability to communicate effectively. These combined increase the risk of the patient developing a chest infection and possible respiratory failure and potential to require intubation (Middleton, 2003). A key component of Intensive Care is to provide patients and relatives with effective communication at all times to ensure that a holistic nursing approach is achieved. Intensive care nurses care for patients predominantly with respiratory failure and over the years have taken on an extended role. They are expected to examine a patient and interpret their findings and results (Booker, 2004). In these situations patient requires supportive treatments as soon as possible. Intensive Care nurse should have the ability and competence to carry out a physical assessment and collect the patients history in a systemic, professional and sensitive approach. Effective communication skills are one of the many essential skills involved in this role. As an Intensive Care nurse, introducing yourself to the patient as soon as possible would be the first step in the history taking process (Appendix A) and the physical assessment process. Whilst introducing yourself there is also the aim to gaining consent for the assessment where possible, in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Councils Code of Professional Conduct (NMC, 2008). Conducting a comprehensive clinical history is usually more helpful in making a provisional diagnosis than the physical examination (Ford, 2005). Within Intensive Care the Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure/Examination (ABCDE) assessment process is widely used. It is essential for survival that the oxygen is delivered to blood cells and the oxygen cannot reach the lungs without a patent airway. With poor circulation, oxygen does not get transported away from the lungs to the cells (Carr, 2005). The ABCDE approach is a simple approach that all team members use and allows for rapid asses sment, continuity of care and the reduction of errors. Communication reflects our social world and helps us to construct it (Weinmann Giles et al 1988). Communication of information, messages, opinions and thoughts are transferred by different forms. Basic communication is achieved by speaking, sign language, body language touch and eye contact, as technology has developed communication has been achieved by media, such as emails, telephone and mobile technology (Aarti, 2010). There are two main ways of communication: Verbal and non verbal. Verbal communication is the simplest and quickest way of transferring information and interacting when face to face. It is usually a two way process where a message is sent, understood and feedback is given (Leigh, 2001). When effective communication is given, what the sender encodes is what the receiver decodes (Baron:2005, Zastrow:2001). Key verbal features of communication are made up of sounds, words, and language. Mr James was alert and orientated and had some ability to communicate; he was breathless due to painful fractured ribs which hindered his verbal communication. In order to help him to breath and communicate effectively, his pain must be controlled. Breathless patients may be only able to speak two or more words at a time, inhibiting conversation. The use of closed questions can allow breathless patients to communicate without exerting themselves. Closed questions such as is it painful when you breathe in? or is your breathing feeling worse? can be answered with non ver bal communication such as a shake or nod of the head. Taking a patients history in this way can be time consuming and it is essential that the clinician do not make assumptions on behalf of the patient (Ashworth, 1980). Alternatively, encouraging patients to use other forms of communication can aid the process. Non verbal communication involves physical aspects such as written or visual of communication. Sign language and symbols are also included in non-verbal communication. Non verbal communication can be considered as gestures, body language, writing, drawing, physiological cues, using communication devices, mouthing words, head nods, and touch (Happ et al:2000, Alasad:2004). Body language, posture and physical contact is a form of non verbal communication. Body language can convey vast amounts of information. Slouched posture, or folded arms and crossed legs can portray negative signals. Facial gestures and expressions and eye contact are all different cues of communication. Alt hough Mr. James could verbally communicate, being short of breath and in pain meant that he also needed to use both verbal and non verbal communication styles. A patients stay in Intensive Care can vary from days to months. Although this is a temporary situation and many patients will make a good recovery, the psychological impact may be longer lasting (MacAuley, 2010). When caring for the patient who may be unconscious or sedated and does not appear to be awake, hearing may be one of the last senses to fade when they become unconscious (Leigh, 2000). Sedation is used in Intensive Care units to enable patients to be tolerable of ventilation. It aims to allow comfort and synchrony between the patient and ventilator. Poor sedation can lead to ventilator asynchrony, patient stress and anxiety, and an increased risk of self extubation and hypoxia. Over sedation can lead to ventilator associated pneumonias, cardiac instability and prolonged ventilation and Intensive Care delirium. Derlerium can be distressing for both the relatives andthe patient, who may have some recolection after the deleium epsiode (Mclafferty, 2007). Delirium is found to be a predictor of death in Intensive Care patients (Page, 2008). Every day a patient spends in delirium has been associated with a 20% increase risk of intensive care bed days and a 10% increased risk of morbidity. The single most profound risk factor for delirium in Intensive Care is sedation (Page, 2008). Within this stage of sedation or delirium it is impossible to know what the patients have heard, understood or precessed. Ashworth (1980) recognised that nurses often failed to communicate with unconscious patients on the basis that they were unable to respond. Although, research (Lawrence, 1995) indicates that patients who are unconscious could hear and understand conversations around them and respond emotionally to verbal communication however could not respond physically. This emphasises the importance and the need for communication remains (Leigh, 2001). Neurological status would unavoidably have an effect on Mrs Jamess capacity to communicate in a usual way. It is therefore im portant to provide Mrs James with all information necessary to reduce her stress and anxieties via the different forms of communication. For the unconscious patient, both verbal communication and non verbal communication are of importance, verbal communication and touch being the most appropriate. There are two forms of touch (Aarti, 2010), firstly a task orientated touch when a patient is being moved, washed or having a dressing changed and secondly a caring touch holding Mrs James hand to explain where she was and why she was there is an example of this. This would enhance communication when informing and reassuring Mrs James that her husband was alive and doing well. Nurses may initially find the process of talking to an unconscious patient embarrassing, pointless or of low importance as it is a one way conversation (Ashworth, 1980) however as previously mentioned researched shows patients have the ability to hear. Barriers to communication may be caused by physical inabilities from the patients however there are many types of other communication barriers. A barrier of communication is where there is a breakdown in the communication process. This could happen if the message was not encoded or decoded as it should have been (Baron, 2005). If a patient is under sedation, delirious or hard of hearing verbal communication could be misinterpreted. However there could also be barriers in the transfer of communication process as the Intensive Care environment in itself can cause communication barriers. Intensive Care can be noisy environment (Newmarch, 2006). Other barriers can simply include language barriers, fatigue, stress, distractions and jargon. Communication aids can promote effective communication between patient and clinician. Pen and paper is the simplest form of non verbal communication for those with adequate strength (Newmarch, 2006). Weakness of patients can affect the movement of hands and arms making gestures and handwriting frustration and diff icult. Patients may also be attached to monitors and infusions resulting in restricted movements which can lead to patients feeling trapped and disturbed (Ashworth, 1980). MacAulay (2010) mentions that Intensive Care nurses are highly skilled at anticipating the communication needs of patients who are trying to communicate but find the interpretation of their communication time consuming and difficult. The University of Dundee (ICU-Talk, 2010) conducted a three year multi disciplinary study research project to develop and evaluate a computer based communication aid specifically designed for Intensive Care patients. The trial is currently ongoing, however this may become a breakthrough in quick and effective patient clinical and patient relative communication in future care. This assignment has explored communication within Intensive Care and reflected upon previous experiences. Communication involves both verbal and non verbal communication in order to communicate effectively in all situations. Researching this topic has highlighted areas in Intensive Care nursing which may be overlooked, for example ventilator alarms and general noise within a unit may feel like a normal environment for the clinians however for patients and relatives this may cause considerable amounts of concern. Simply giving explanations for such alarms will easily alleviate concerns and provide reassurance. From overall research (Alasad: 2004, Leigh: 2001, MacAuley, 2010: Craig, 2007) Intensive Care nurses believed communication with critically ill patients was an important part of their role however disappointedly some nurses perceived this as time consuming or of low importance when the conversation was one way (Ashworth, 1980). Further education within Intensive Care may be requ ired to improve communication and highlight the importance of communication at all times. Communication is key to ensuring patients receive quality high standard care from a multidisciplinary team, where all members appreciate the skills and contributions that others offer, to improve patients care and the overall patient experience. Appendix 1, The History Taking Process: The questions are the key to a good interview. You need to use a mix of open ended questions and close ended questions. Open ended questions leave the door open for the patient to tell you more. Questions like when it this problem start?, have you had any recent health problems?, and can you show me where it hurts? are open ended. The patient feels free to provide additional information. While questions like does it hurt here?, did you have this pain yesterday?, and have you had the flu in the past month? are close ended. Close ended questions seek very specific, often yes or no responses from the patient and dont encourage the patient to provide any additional information. Good interviews are a mixture of both kinds of questions. (Secrest, 2009) Basic Elements: 1. Greeting a. Introduction b. Identification of patient and self c. Assessment of the patients overall appearance and demeanor 2. Personal history a. Age b. Occupation c. Sex d. Height / Weight e. Marital / Family status i. Children 3. Chief complaint (CC) or Presenting complaint a. Why is the patient seeking care? b. What other problems concern the patient? 4. History of present illness a. Location and radiation of complaint b. Severity of complaint c. Timing of onset d. Situation (setting) of onset e. Duration of complaint f. Previous similar complaints g. Exacerbating and relieving factors h. Associated symptoms i. Patients explanation of complaint 5. Past medical history a. Systematic questioning regarding previous adult illnesses i. Neurological/Psychiatric ii. Eye, ear, nose, throat iii. Skin/Hair/Nails iv. Musculoskeletal v. Cardiovascular/Respiratory vi. Genital-urinary vii. GI tract b. Childhood illnesses c. Surgeries, injuries or hospital admissions d. OB/GYM i. Birth control ii. Pregnancies / Births iii. Menstrual periods iv. Pelvic exams / Pap smears e. Psychiatric f. Immunizations g. Screening tests h. Allergies 6. Family history a. Disease history b. Parental health c. Childrens health 7. Drug history a. Current medications i. Prescription ii. Over-the-counter b. Drug allergies 8. Lifestyle (social history) a. Alcohol b. Smoking c. Recreational drug use d. Sexual life style/orientation e. Reproductive status f. Occupational issues (Secrest,2009)

Career Opportunities For Recipients Of Degrees In Mathematics :: Argumentative Persuasive Papers

The Many Career Opportunities For Recipients Of Degrees In Mathematics I have chosen to do Possibility 7. It states that once a person decides to study mathematics they are limited to the possible fields of work that is available to them. According to this statement the only possible jobs are teaching jobs at the school, college, and university levels. It also talks about how this can be dull to some and how a person can't become a millionaire this way. I am in total opposition of this statement. I believe that if a person studies mathematics they have a world of options open to them. By no means does studying mathematics limit a person to the teaching profession alone. Mathematics majors are in demand in the work force. The jobs are out there if the perspective workers have good job search skills, which are essential. The teaching profession alone offers an assortment of different levels of teaching. One could teach at the elementary, middle school, high school, college, and university levels. There are also teacher's aids, research assistants, and student teachers, as well as substitute teachers. The demand for teachers is elevating at an alarming rate. This goes for teachers in general, but especially for teachers interested in teaching in the mathematics or science fields. Besides being a teacher, who technically is a mathematician, there is also the obvious profession of being a mathematician without being a teacher. There are also opportunities such as becoming an engineer, a research scientist, or a manager of a business. Mathematics majors work for such companies as IBM, AT&T Bell Labs, American Airlines, FedEx, L. L. Bean, and Perdue Farms Inc to name a few.(Source III) There are also mathematicians employed in such government agencies as The Bureau of the Census, Department of Agriculture, and NASA Goddard Space Center.(Sources III and IV) Mathematicians are needed in the fields of law and medicine as well as in the arts, such as sculpting, music, and television. The possibilities are seemingly endless. When you think about it, almost every job involves mathematics. It is true that not every job opening could be properly satisfied by a person who majored in mathematics, but for the most part that person would have an advantage over other applicants because of their knowledge in mathematics. I believe that a strong background in mathematics is an asset to a person looking into just about any field of work.

Dramatic Devices in A J.B.Priestley’s play, An Inspector Calls :: English Literature

Dramatic Devices in An Inspector Calls Essay This book â€Å"The Inspector calls† is a gripping drama written by J.B Priesly, it deals with the many problems in the world from famine, how minorities were treated and the underclass people. It also shows Priesly’s view on the homeless and the poor. He served in the first world war and believed that the world should of learned from it’s mistakes but as it turns out it did not and that angered him. So after the Second World War he wrote the book â€Å"Inspector calls†. This book uses the device of dramatic irany to portray his characters as not so clever and somewhat fools. It also has a lot of twist’s and turns and cliff hangers. The reason this book is successful good on stage is that Priesly has a good use of mystery and suspense in the book. Priesly uses the convention of a detective genre very well and also uses the whodunit element. All the family members in there own way are responsible for the death of Eva Smith. For example Sheila got her fired from the only good job that she could keep just because the hat looked better on her and she thought that she was laughing at her. There was also Mr Birling who fired her because she was one of the ringleaders that started a strike for higher wages. Eric used her for just a good time, as did Gerald. Eric however got her pregnant and offered her money but she refused. When Eva Smith whent to the charity that Mrs Birlin worked at Eva Smith used the name Mrs Birlin which greatly angered the real Mrs Birlin who used her influence to not give money to Eva Smith. The play also uses dramatic irany well. For example when Mrs Birlin said â€Å"The father should be responsible for the baby† or when Mr Birlin says â€Å"The Titanic†¦.. absolutely unsinkable†. Priesly uses dramatic irany to make the readers or the audience laugh and portray the characters as dim witted. Some more of the devices that made the play successful on stage are the cliff hangers at the end of the scenes or the acts are successful and entertaining. Some of the better cliff hangers that seemed good are when at the end of the scene the Inspector is telling everyone that they indeed had some part to play in the death of Eva Smith. The reason it’s so effective is that it’s a clever cliff hanger that seems to keep people hooked on what the family members have to do with the

Communication system Essay

Use and develop systems that promote communication 1. Be able to address the range of communication requirement in own role 1. 1 Review the range of groups and individuals whose communication needs must be addressed in own job role. Working within Surestart I work with many groups and individuals whose communication needs must be addressed which include 16 staff members, services users to date we have 1700 families registered with Surestart. We would have a lot of communication with Health visitors regarding referrals that they have sent in and also follow up telephone calls if there is any concerns with the family. I would also have contact with social services and be asked to attend case review meetings. I would also be expected to communicate with other agencies to refer our service users on the appropriate agencies for example other children centres, counsellors, women’s Aid and Hidden Harm Social worker, 1. 2 Explain how to support effective communication within own job role Effective communication and interaction play a very important role in the work of everybody that works within Surestart. I feel that how I support effective communication is by setting a good example to staff. With communication been so important for the day to day running of the centre, each staff member would be asked to write in the diary in the main office so people can know where they are (this is for the save guarding of staff if they are out of the office, lone worker policy) There is also a white board in the main office so when staff are in programmes other staff are aware of this and that the parents/baby room are booked. I would also support communication by attending staff meeting ever second week and staff are told that they must attend once a month. There is also an open door policy as sometimes there is information that staff do not want to share in a team meeting as there maybe difficulties within the team and they would like to share information on a one to one basic. 1. 3 Analyse the barriers and challenges to communication within own job role The barriers and challenges that I would face is staff working part time, staff out doing programme and also may be difficult feeling between staff members. The other barriers and challenges that I would face is staff do not take on board what you are saying to them as they feel they are right so they do not even listen to what you are trying to explain. Some people may pick you up wrong on the information you are trying to get across. 1. 4 Implement a strategy to overcome communication barriers Make sure I speak very clear, focus on what information I would like them to take on board. Supervision on a monthly basis, open door policy if anyone has a problem they can talk about it. Staff can ring and send emails at any time. The childcare supervisor meets with the childcare team every morning to make sure that all creches have enough staff and if they have any concerns regarding the children. There is also a referral meeting once a week where we discuss the referral that health visitor/social workers have send in and also to discuss and concerns we would have regarding the parents. I also send rely slips to social worker / health visitor to let them know if a home visit has been completed or if we have been unable to contact the family. Use different means of communication to meet different needs I am aware that each staff member has different learning styles, some staff like sharing information in a group and other staff like to share information in a one to one. It is also very important for me to take this on board as I do not want any member of the team feeling frustrated and ineffective. I want staff to be able to trust me and let them see that I value the work that they do. The different means of communication I use to meet different needs are. Emails are a very effective means of communication as each staff members gets the information at the same time and not second hand. Emails can be sent at any time and also printed out to file or record information that has been sent or received. Team meeting again are a very good as all staff are getting the same information and this is a nice way for other staff to meet and let everyone else know how things are going and if anyone is finding a family or child difficult then there is the support of the whole team for ideas of how to handle a situation. If anyone cannot make it then the team minutes are there to read. Telephone if I am not in the office I can still be reached on my mobile if anyone needs anything. Health visitor/Social worker would also contact me by telephone if they needed an update on a family. Staff diary in the main office this lets staff members know who is in which room and if anyone is on leave or sick or if someone has an appointment. Sign in and out sheet beside the exit door this is for safety reasons as if there was a fire in the building then I would know who is in and out Reply slips are back to the health visitors/social worker as an update for the referral they have send in. Letters to parents this is to invite them along to programmes/events. Thought-out the year I would facilitate information mornings for breastfeeding support, weaning work shop and feeding for under 5’s this would be to share information to welcome new service users to the Surestart. Face to face, my office is open to all staff at any time if they need to talk about anything. CU2941 Use and develop systems that promote communication 2. Be able to improve communication systems and practise support positive outcomes for individuals 2. Monitor the effectiveness of communication systems and practices. The diary in the front office if very effective for staff on home visit as we know where there are for their safety (lone worker policy). white board in the main office is very effective as this is where all staff write down their programmes so if there is any phone calls for staff the secretary knows if they are in the office or in programmes. Emails can be sent at any time and it means that the same information is been told to the staff at the same time and it is also the staffs responsible to pick up their emails. The childcare supervisor meets with the childcare staff each morning I feel that this is very effective as this is in place to make sure that all rooms are covered with their ratio, and most importantly that the needs of the children are met and if there is any problem in any of the setting it can be addressed as needed and that staff do not have to wait 2 weeks for a team meeting to discuss. One to one communication i. e. Supervision and APR, I feel that this is very important within a setting. N-Drive – this is where documents can be saved and all staff can access it. In our office we have a policy of hot desking so documents can accessed at any computer. This is also for Surestart forms and newsletters so all staff can print them out as needed. Reply slips to health visitors/social worker/other agencies – this is where I reply to any referral letter that the project receives, I would reply to the other agencies if this family had received a home visit and services offered, if I was unable to contact the family for different reasons or if the family did not want to avail of Surestart services. Phone – if I cannot be reached at any time then a message can be left for me to return there call. 2. 2 Evaluate the effectiveness of existing communication systems and practice Evaluating the effectiveness of existing communication systems and practice I am going to start with the ones I feels are the most effective. One to One Communication – I feel that this works very well within a team as some staff members do not like to speak in front of other and feel that their ideas might not be good enough. I also feel that face to face communication is very effective as some people can pick up a message wrong and take the wrong tone with an email. Supervision – this is there for staff to talk confidently with their manger I feel that this is very effective means of communication for the manger to tell how well things are going for that member of staff and for the staff member to say how they really feel about how things are going. ( I also feel that you have to have a good relationship with your staff for this to work, you have to be relaxed and friendly and staff members also have to trust you). Supervision is also very effective as this give staff clear boundaries of what is expected of them for the month a head and also make sure they are on target to achieve the targets in their APR. Team meetings – I also think this is effective as this can let everybody know how programmes are going if there is any follows to do with families in any of the programmes. If anyone is having any difficulties if any of the programmes is nice to get other ideas how to deal with it. It is also there for sharing information for the Surestart board and action for children. To let staff know what training is coming up. ARP- I have been working in a Surestart setting for the last 11 years, I feel that this is the first year I have felt that an APR has been effective like the rest of communication systems if it is not done right then it will not be effective. APR is there to set goal and targets for the year ahead, I feel this is very important for staff as they know what is expected of them for the year ahead and then this is monitored at each supervision to make sure that staff in on track with their targets. Childcare meeting every morning – I feel that this is very effective as each member of the childcare team no where they are each day and who is covering in each setting and also if any member of the childcare team is concerned about a child this is discussed each morning. Emails- I feel has pro and con. It is very effective in a way that emails can be sent at any time and is very good for all staff to receive the information at the same time. I also feels that staff can pick the tone of emails up wrong and some information is best said face to face. Reply letter to health visitors/social workers/other agencies – I feel that this is a very effective The diary in the front office – This is effective if everyone plays there part in filling it in. If someone is on training or off on A/L and forgets to fill it in then it is very hard for other staff to know where they are. N-Drive – This is effective as all the Surestart form and standard letters are on it as well as newsletters. It is also that as this is used while hot desking it means that the documents that are placed on this drive can be accessed by the whole team so if I was saving any confidential information I would also password protect it. Phone – I do feel that this is effective as if I am not available by phone or mobile then a message can also be left. 2. 3 Propose improvements to communication systems and practices to address any short comings I feel that communication can always be improved as we are only human and staff do forget to pass on messages, response to emails, and even fill in the diary in the main office. I have proposed that each desk has message pad so that all messages have to written down. I have proposed that the main diary is to be brought to the team meeting so that if anyone has any leave booked, any visits arranged or training then this can go into the diary. I would also remind everybody at team meeting about remembering to fill in the diary I have also propose that the reply slips to the health visitors/social workers be changed as I feel it could be improved. 2. 4 Lead the implementation of revised communication system and practices CU 2941 Use and develop systems that promote communication 3. Be able to improve communication systems to promote partnership working 3. 1 Use communication systems to promote partnership working The systems that we use to promote partnership working is: One to one communications – I meet with the health visitor for breastfeeding once a week. Also any of the health visitors are welcome to call in at any time. Some health visitors like to bring parents that are hard to engage into the centre to meet me to show them around the building and meet the staff. I would also have contact face to face with our families on a daily basis through programmes and also registrations. Phone call – health visitors/social services and other agencies would phone for update and regarding case review meetings. Families would also phone on a daily basis if they needed help with anything or information. Post – we post letters to the agencies if we are unable to reach the families or if they no longer wish to be involved with the service. I would also post letters and newsletter to families. Emails – some agencies like to send email as it is a faster way for them and this is ok with me as long as it is recorded. Referral reply – this is a letter drawing and signed by Surestart parents that we have permission to send it back to the health visitors to say we have been in contact and the Surestart services have been offered. Information events – this is different events for Surestart to promote their services 3. 2 Compare the effectiveness of different communications systems for partnership working I feel within waterside Surestart the systems we use are very effective. One to one communication I feel is very effective as this can reassure service users and colleagues and also outside agencies, you can focus on the goal. I can be supportive and positive to all that need it. I can also assess the services users’ needs and provide them with the support needed and I also feel that this builds trust and relationships. Phone call – I feel that this is a very effective way of communicating as some health visitor/social worker/other agencies need an update ASAP as they may be on their way to a review meeting. All if a member of staff is not on the office this is a good way of communicating. As my role as family support worker I be in contact with families every day on the phone, may it be they have a question or I am inviting the families to programmes or arranging home visits. Emails – This is a very effective way that I communicate in Surestart, supervision notes to be sent 3 says before supervision, team meeting are to be sent and read before the meeting. Agencies are able to send emails / newsletters Referral Response – I feel that this is a very effective way that Surestart communicate. This is send to health visitors/social workers who send in a referral this is to show the agencies that we have made contact with that family or that we have tried to contact the family and after 4 weeks we are unable to reach them. Information events – I feel that this is not really effective as we work on catchment areas and this is very hard to have an event in a general area, it has to be within the area, as we do not like to turn people away that may be interested in the service, as when agencies send in referrals they have a list of streets that is inside the catchment area and only if there is a need then they can be outside the area. Propose to improvements to communications systems for partnership working I do believe that communication within waterside Surestart has got a lot better in the last year, I feel that this has a great deal to do with our new manager, she has gained the trust and respect of the staff and in return it is a pleasure to work with. I feel that I have a great leader to follow and learn a great deal from. The only improvement that could be made is that a leaflet could be drawn up for families that are outside the catchment area so that they leave with something rather than going away with no information (this is in the process on being done). I am also assisting the upgrade of the referral response form so that families sign this form so that we have permission to hold their information and that we are allow to send the form back to the referrer. CU2941 Use and develop systems that promote communications 4. Be able to use systems for effective information management 4. 1 Explain legal and ethical tensions between maintaining confidentiality and sharing information Working with in a Surestart setting for the last 11 years, I know that confidentiality is very important. It’s important for agencies and services users to build a trusting relationship with me. I am very honest with the people I work with, when I am completing a registration form with parents I do tell them that their details will stay in a locked filing cabinet for 7 years, that there information is stored on a database password protected until there child/ren turn 4. I also let the parents know that under the data protection act they are able to see their file at any time. Parents also sign a form that we are able to share information with the health visitor and other agencies involved if we have any concerns regarding the child or parents. When I have taking programmes with parents I also start with group rules. Confidentiality always comes up, I always tell parents that whatever is discussed at the group I do not take it outside of the group, I can only speak for myself but that I would hope that everyone would stand by this too. I also always make it very clear to parents that if anything is discussed or disclosed any information regarding harm or danger or abuse to a child/ren then I will past this information on to my manger and the appropriate authorises. I feel that if I am honest with all the people that I work with then I do believe that you build up a trust and that by law I have to report and record all that is disclosed to me, although I did have a parent in the past that did not understand this, they felt that I was just reporting them to social services and she believed that social services where there to take her child away. This lady did not return to Surestart as what she disclosed I had to discuss with my manger. Analyse the essential features of information sharing agreements within and between organisations Under the data protection act 1998, the purpose of the act is to protect the rights and privacy of individuals and to ensure that data about them are not processed without their knowledge and are processed with their consent whenever possible, this act covers personal data held in electronic formats, manual data and relevant filing systems. Surestart has devised a form that has recently been updated by my colleagues and myself, this form is where we get service users to sign that they agree Surestart is able to keep their details in a secure place for up to seven years, and that if we had any concerns regarding the child that we would contact the appropriate service also that if there is a social worker involved that we are able to update them on any programmes they attend for case review meetings. Health visitors would send in referral form with parent’s consent, what happens is we then phone that family and do a home visit and in that visit we fill out the Surestart forms with the families details on it, the consent for is then signed and sent back to the health visitor to say we have completed a visit this is what programmes they would like to attend, I would also send back a form to the heath visitor if that family did not wish to avail of Surestart services or that I could not reach them. These forms are kept with the registration and filed in a locked cabinet. When I am facilitating a programme within Surestart I always do group rules, parents can put what they like on it, confidentially always comes up, I just remind parents that what happens in the group will stay in the group with me, but I can only speak for myself and not the rest of the group and I do tell them that It would not be nice to hear anyone talking bad about another parent. I do inform the parents that if there anything disclosed within the group that has caused abuse of harm to a child them I am bound by action for children policies and procedures and under the children order act 1995 to past this information on to my manger and the appropriate services, I do tell the parents that I would discuss this with them before I reported what I have heard. Demonstrate use of information management systems that meet legal and ethical requirement Under the data protection act 1998 Surestart need permission to hold data on the families that I work with, how this is done  is that all parents have to sign the registration form and also the consent for their details to be stored according to action for children policies and procedures, which is that their details are stored for up to seven years, in a locked filing cabinet and up to four years on the Surestart database. Under the children’s order 1995 I am bound to report anything that I have heard or seen that my or has caused harm to a child. This would also be discussed with the parent/s what information I would be passing on to my manger. This also gives the parent an opportunity to explain. The information my lead to a referral been made to social services.

Presenting information Essay

Present complex internal chore information using 3 dissimilar methods appropriate to the users need. palmy Jets aims and objectives are to be Europes preferred short-haul airline, delivering market leading returns.Subject Interim accountingFrom Marketing managerThe introduction of the Easy Jet app has boosted many aspects of the organisation as a whole. Overall, EasyJet have provided their customers with a real effective mobile app. Making a booking, checking on the flight status and reviewing live bookings are very easy to do. though checking in online and downloading a mobile embarkment pass is non supported. These are things that a passenger on the move magnate well want to do.+ Last year, we make 17.4% pull in before capital and incarnate tax, the app being released early January. Meaning that in 2013, since the app launch, weve made a profit wrap up 647.4 million. Before the launch, last year, the changes in acquit profits was 6.1%, compared to this years profit. 6. 1% is an fickle profit margin for an organisation with our scale, size of it and calibre & over such a short period of time.Analysts point that our profit margins have been rapidly expanding at such an explosive rate because of our application. Before the app, in 2010, our profit was only 121 million, which is not withal half of what weve made in 2013. This is of course, not only enhancing our disposable income capacity only when also strikeing our annual fiscal aims and meeting our objectives. I and the department potently recommend expanding our influence over the interweb to reach our customers through virtual means and mobiles.

The History of Schizophrenia

The narrative of schizophrenic dis baffle schizophrenic disorder is a grievous psychiatrical disorder with symptoms of emotional instability, detachment from reality, and withdrawal into the self. The record book schizophrenic psychosis is less than 100 age old. moreoer the sickness was premiere basely identified as a discrete psychic illness by Dr. Emile Kraepelin in the 1887 and the illness itself is ecumenically believed to strike accompanied humans by means ofout its tale. There argon documents that identify dementia praecox fundament be traced to the old Pharaonic Egypt, as far back as the second millenary before Christ.Depression, mania, as fountainhead as supposition disturbances that be typical in schizophrenic disorder be described in detail in the moderate of Hearts. The Heart and the mind seem to ask been same in ancient Egypt. The physical illnesses were regarded as symptoms of the perfume and the uterus and originating from the blood vessel s or from purulence, fecal matter, a poison or demons. Some recent goplace into the ancient classical and Roman literature showed that although the general population probably had an awareness of insane disorders, in that location was no bod that would meet the modern symptomatic criteria for dementia praecox in these societies.At one rouse in history, all concourse who were considered abnormal, whether due to amiable illness, mental retardation, or physical deformities, were largely enured the same. Early theories supposed that mental disorders were ca employ by darkness possession of the body, and the earmark sermon was then exorcising these demons, through various means, ranging from innocuous interventions, such(prenominal) as exposing the tolerant to certain types of music, to dangerous and some sentences deadly means, such as releasing the evil spirits by drilling holes in the patients skull.One of the early to secern the mental disorders into different cate gories was the German physician, Dr. Emile Kraepelin. He utilise the circumstance derangement praecox for individuals who had symptoms that we direct associate with schizophrenic disorder. The nonspecific concept of madness has been around for many thousands of years and schizophrenic psychosis was single classified as a distinct mental disorder by Kraepelin in 1887. He was the first to make a nonation in the psychotic disorders between what he called craziness praecox and manic depression. Kraepelin believed that dementia praecox was primarily a malady of the psyche, and particularly a form of dementia.Kraepelin divulged the disorder dementia praecox (early dementia) to fuck it from otherwisewise forms of dementia (such as Alzheimers disease) which typically occur late in life. He use this term because his studies foc utilize on young adults with dementia. The Swiss psychiatrist, Eugen Bleuler, coined the term, schizophrenia in 1911. He was as well as the first to d escribe the symptoms as cocksure or negative. Bleuler changed the name to schizophrenia as it was obvious that Krapelins name was direct as the illness was non a dementia (it did non always lead to mental deterioration) and could sometimes occur late as well as early in life.The word schizophrenia comes from the Greek roots schizo ( bout) and phrene (mind) to describe the fragmented thinking of spate with the disorder. His term was non meant to convey the idea of split or multiple soulfulnessality, a common interpret by the public at large. Since Bleulers time, the definition of schizophrenia has continued to change, as scientists fire to more accurately delineate the different types of mental diseases. Without knowing the adopt causes of these diseases, scientists bunghole lonesome(prenominal) base their classifications on the ceremonial that some symptoms tend to occur together.Both Bleuler and Kraepelin subdivided schizophrenia into categories, based on prominent sy mptoms and prognoses. Over the years, those workings in this field have continued to attempt to classify types of schizophrenia. Five types were delineated in the DSM-III disorganized, catatonic, paranoid, residual, and undifferentiated. The first three categories were originally proposed by Kraepelin. These classifications, while unflustered employed in DSM-IV, have not shown to be patronful in predicting outcome of the disorder, and the types are not reliably diagnosed.Many researchers are using other systems to classify types of the disorder, based on the preponderance of positive verses negative symptoms, the progress of the disorder in name of type and severity of symptoms over time, and the co-occurrence of other mental disorders and syndromes. It is hoped that differentiating types of schizophrenia based on clinical symptoms will help to determine different etiologies or causes of the disorder. The evidence that schizophrenia is a biologically-based disease of the sense has accumulated rapidly during the past devil decades. latterly this evidence has been also been supported with dynamic conceiver imaging systems that show really precisely the ramble of tissue destruction that takes place in the sensation that is suffering from schizophrenia. The 1800s saw a slow progression towards an eventual schizophrenia definition. From the 1800s on, schizophrenia history begins to gather ground as researchers began to down the stairsstand the nature of the disease Although the nineteenth century saw great strides towards a schizophrenic definition, lunatic asylums of the time were often trivial more than human zoos.For a fee, well to do ladies and gentlemen could tour the asylums, viewing the patients. No doubt the psychotic behavior of schizophrenics made them popular attractions during these degrading tours. Schizophrenia in Recent Times The start of the 20th century saw, for the first time in schizophrenia history, a practical schizophrenia defini tion and the blood line of legal treatments. In 1911 Eugene Beuler first used the term schizophrenia, and his schizophrenia definition includes symptoms such as benumbed emotions, disordered thoughts, and loss of awareness.Then in 1957, Kurt Schneider created the schizophrenic definition still in use today, and is the first person in the long history of schizophrenia to list the currently accepted features of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia emphatically has a very signifi evoket genetic component. Those who have a third degree relative with schizophrenia are twice as potential to pause schizophrenia as those in the general population. Those with a second degree relative have a several-fold higher incidence of schizophrenia than the general population, and first degree relatives have an incidence of schizophrenia an order of magnitude higher than the general populace.The History of Schizophrenia Treatment in the Twentieth Century Schizophrenia history abounds in unusual treatments and bizarre cures. Indeed, the 20th century stands apart from the rest of schizophrenia history because it saw the first rough-and-ready schizophrenia treatment the first neuroleptic drug was created in 1952. The ordinal century also saw some moot schizophrenia cures. Portuguese doctor, Egus Moniz, developed the lobotomy in the 1930s. Moniz won a Nobel Peace prize for his work in 1949.The lobotomy procedure cut the nub fibers from the frontal lobe to the interior of the brain, where emotions are generated. Patients were less stimulate and aggressive after a lobotomy. Of course, patients were also remaining indifferent and with blunted emotions, alone this didnt squelch the lobotomys popularity as a schizophrenia treatment. Patients could be released from hospitals after lobotomies, prudence both hospitals and family members money. Lobotomy procedures varied. American neurologist fanny freewoman created perhaps the most bizarre procedure. freeman traveled America perform ing lobotomies for the benefit of audiences comprised of journalists and aesculapian professionals to call him a medical showman isnt stint the truth much. Freemans lobotomies were simple, quick, and medically preposterous. With the patient under anesthesia, Freeman placed an ice pick (yes, you read that correctly) into an field of study just above the eyeball. Using a hammer, he drove the ice pick into the patients brain to a depth of approximately one inch. Lobotomies fell into disadvantage as populate noticed patients often died from lobotomy-induced epilepsy or surgical infections.Severe brain damage was also shown in many cases (not that it should have selectd a study to prove an ice pick to the brain caused extensive damage). Still, between the 1940s and the 1950s over 40,000 Americans were lobotomized. Shock therapy was developed at the same time lobotomies were darkening schizophrenia history. Approaches to shock therapy varied. Some doctors used insulin injections oth ers preferred Metrazol or galvanizingity. Insulin often odd patients in comas. Both Metrazol and electricity caused seizures, and electric shock therapy often caused memory loss.Surprisingly, electroconvulsive therapy is still used to treat some cases of schizophrenia and severe depression. trustworthy techniques are supposed to be much safer, but many medical professionals consider electroconvulsive therapy very dangerous, and something that should only be used as a lastly resort. Since schizophrenia may not be a single condition and its causes are not only known, current treatment methods are based on both clinical research and experience. These approaches are chosen on the basis of their ability to overthrow the symptoms of schizophrenia and to lessen the chances that symptoms will return.Medications For Schizophrenia Antipsychotic medications have been available since the mid-1950s. They have greatly improved the lookout for individual patients. These medications depres s the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia and unremarkably allow the patient to function more efficaciously and appropriately. Antipsychotic drugs are the best treatment now available, but they do not cure schizophrenia or ensure that there will be no further psychotic episodes. The choice and dot of medication can be made only by a qualified physician who is well trained in the medical treatment of mental disorders.The sexually transmitted disease of medication is individualized for each patient, since people may vary a great come up to in the amount of drug needed to reduce symptoms without producing troublesome side effects. The large majority of people with schizophrenia show substantial improvement when do by with antipsychotic drugs. Some patients, however, are not helped very much by the medications and a few do not seem to need them. No frames is hard to predict which patients will fall into these two groups and to distinguish them from the large majority of patients who do benefit from treatment with antipsychotic drugs. A number of new ntipsychotic drugs (the questionable atypical antipsychotics) have been introduced since 1990. The first of these, clozapine (Clozaril), has been shown to be more effective than other antipsychotics, although the possibility of severe side effects in particular, a condition called agranulocytosis (loss of the white blood cells that fight infection) requires that patients be monitored with blood tests every one or two weeks. Even newer antipsychotic drugs, such as risperidone (Risperdal) and olanzapine (Zyprexa), are safer than the senior(a) drugs or clozapine, and they also may be better tolerated.They may or may not treat the illness as well as clozapine, however. Several admittanceal antipsychotics are currently under development. Antipsychotic drugs are often very effective in treating certain symptoms of schizophrenia, particularly hallucinations and delusions unfortunately, the drugs may not be as help ful with other symptoms, such as reduced motivation and emotional expressiveness. Indeed, the older antipsychotics (which also went by the name of neuroleptics), medicines like haloperidol (Haldol) or chlorpromazine (Thorazine), may even put out side effects that resemble the more severe to treat symptoms.Often, lowering the dose or switch over to a different medicine may reduce these side effects the newer medicines, including olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel), and risperidone (Risperdal), appear less likely to have this problem. Patients and families sometimes become worried closely the antipsychotic medications used to treat schizophrenia. In addition to concern about side effects, they may agitate that such drugs could lead to addiction. However, antipsychotic medications do not produce a high (euphoria) or addictive behavior in people who take them. other misconception about antipsychotic drugs is that they act as a kind of mind control, or a chemical straitjack et. Antipsychotic drugs used at the proper dosage does not knock out people or take away their free will. time these medications can be sedating, and while this effect can be useful when treatment is initiated particularly if an individual is quite an agitated, the utility of the drugs is not due to sedation but to their ability to diminish the hallucinations, agitation, confusion, and delusions of a psychotic episode.Thus, antipsychotic medications should eventually help an individual with schizophrenia to flowerpot with the world more rationally. Treatment of schizophrenia depends upon a life-long regimen of both drug and psychosocial, support therapies. While the medication helps control the psychosis associated with schizophrenia (e. g. , the delusions and hallucinations), it cannot help the person find a job, learn to be effective in social relationships, increase the individuals coping skills, and help them learn to communicate and work well with others.Poverty, homelessne ss, and unemployment are often associated with this disorder, but they dont have to be. If the individual finds appropriate treatment and sticks with it, a person with schizophrenia can lead a happy and successful life. provided the initial recovery from the first symptoms of schizophrenia can be an extremely lonely experience. Individuals coping with the aggression of schizophrenia for the first time in their lives require all the support that their families, friends, and communities can provide. 1